Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2010 Dec;24(4):617-27. doi: 10.1037/a0020334.
Little is known about the correlates and potential causes of very early drinking. The authors proposed this risk theory: (a) pubertal onset is associated with increased levels of positive urgency (the tendency to act rashly when experiencing intensely positive mood), negative urgency (the tendency to act rashly when distressed), and sensation seeking; (b) those traits predict increased endorsement of high-risk alcohol expectancies; (c) the expectancies predict drinker status among fifth graders; and (d) the apparent influence of positive urgency, negative urgency, and sensation seeking on drinker status is mediated by alcohol expectancies. The authors conducted a concurrent test of whether the relationships among these variables were consistent with the theory in a sample of 1,843 fifth grade students. In a well-fitting structural model, their hypotheses were supported. Drinker status among fifth graders is not just a function of context and factors external to children: it is predictable from a combination of pubertal status, personality characteristics, and learned alcohol expectancies.
对于非常早期饮酒的相关因素和潜在原因知之甚少。作者提出了这一风险理论：（a）青春期开始与积极冲动（体验到强烈积极情绪时冲动行事的倾向）、消极冲动（痛苦时冲动行事的倾向）和感觉寻求的水平增加有关；（b）这些特征预测了对高风险酒精期望的更高认可；（c）期望预测了五年级学生的饮酒者身份；（d）积极冲动、消极冲动和感觉寻求对饮酒者身份的明显影响是由酒精期望来调节的。作者在一个由 1843 名五年级学生组成的样本中，对这些变量之间的关系是否与该理论一致进行了同时检验。在一个拟合良好的结构模型中，他们的假设得到了支持。五年级学生的饮酒者身份不仅仅是环境和儿童外部因素的函数：它可以从青春期状态、个性特征和习得的酒精期望的组合来预测。
