Department of Psychology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
Addiction. 2019 Jul;114(7):1283-1294. doi: 10.1111/add.14622. Epub 2019 May 7.
To determine whether transdiagnostic risk, represented as elevations in one high-risk personality trait, interacts with behavior-specific risk, represented as elevated expectancies for reinforcement from either drinking or smoking, to account partly for early adolescent drinking and smoking behavior.
Multiple regression analysis.
Twenty-three public schools in two school systems in the United States.
A sample of 1897 adolescents tested in the spring of 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades.
Transdiagnostic risk was measured as negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly when distressed, using the UPPS-P child version. Drinking-specific and smoking-specific risk were measured as expectancies for reinforcement from drinking and smoking, using the Memory Model-Based Expectancy Questionnaire (alcohol) and the Adolescent Smoking Consequences Questionnaire (smoking).
There was consistent concurrent prediction from the interactions of (a) negative urgency and alcohol reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent drinking and (b) negative urgency and smoking reinforcement expectancies to early adolescent smoking, above and beyond prediction from the main effects of those variables. In each case, expectancies were more predictive at higher levels of negative urgency. Incremental R values for main effects ranged from 0.07 to 0.26, and for interactions ranged from 0.01 to 0.03. Prospectively, the main effects predicted subsequent behavior but the interaction effects did not, except in one case.
Among elementary and high school students in the United States, the joint effects of negative urgency and behavior-specific expectancies help to explain drinking and smoking behavior. Joint elevations on the trait and the learning variable account for drinking and smoking behavior beyond the main effects of each predictor. However, there is reason to doubt whether the joint effects predict subsequent increases in drinking and smoking beyond the main effects of those variables.
确定是否存在跨诊断风险，表现为一种高风险人格特质的升高，与行为特异性风险相互作用，表现为对饮酒或吸烟强化作用的期望升高，从而部分解释青少年早期的饮酒和吸烟行为。
多元回归分析。
美国两个学区的 23 所公立学校。
在五年级、六年级、七年级、八年级和九年级春季接受测试的 1897 名青少年样本。
跨诊断风险用 UPPS-P 儿童版衡量，即负面冲动，即在痛苦时冲动行事的倾向。饮酒特异性和吸烟特异性风险用记忆模型期望问卷（酒精）和青少年吸烟后果问卷（吸烟）衡量。
（a）负面冲动和酒精强化期望的相互作用对青少年早期饮酒有一致的同期预测，（b）负面冲动和吸烟强化期望的相互作用对青少年早期吸烟有一致的同期预测，这些预测都超出了这些变量的主效应预测。在每种情况下，期望在更高水平的负面冲动时更具预测性。主效应的增量 R 值范围为 0.07 至 0.26，交互效应的增量 R 值范围为 0.01 至 0.03。前瞻性地，主效应预测了后续行为，但交互效应没有，除了一种情况。
在美国的小学生和高中生中，负面冲动和行为特异性期望的共同作用有助于解释饮酒和吸烟行为。特质和学习变量的共同升高解释了饮酒和吸烟行为，超过了每个预测因子的主效应。然而，有理由怀疑共同效应是否能预测这些变量的主效应之外的后续饮酒和吸烟的增加。
