Institute of Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health of the Veterinary Medical University of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, Austria.
J Food Prot. 2010 Sep;73(9):1709-14. doi: 10.4315/0362-028x-73.9.1709.
This is the first study proving the existence of melamine in milk powder and infant formula exported to the African market. A total of 49 milk powder batches were collected in Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania, East Africa), the center of international trade in East Africa, which serves as a commercial bottleneck and shipment hub for sub-Saharan, Central, and East Africa. Two categories of samples were collected between October and December 2008, immediately after the melamine contamination of Chinese products became public: (i) market brands of all international companies supplying the East African market and (ii) illegally sold products from informal channels. Melamine concentration was determined with the AgraQuant Melamine Sensitive Assay. Despite the national import prohibition of Chinese milk products and unlabeled milk powder in Tanzania, 11% (22 of 200) of inspected microretailers sold milk powder on the local black market. Manufacturers could be identified for only 55% (27) of the 49 investigated batches. Six percent (3 of 49) of all samples and 11% (3 of 27) of all international brand name products tested revealed melamine concentrations up to 5.5 mg/kg of milk powder. This amount represents about twice the tolerable daily intake as suggested by the U.S Food and Drug Administration. Based on our study, we can assume that the number of affected children in Africa is substantial.
这是第一项证明出口到非洲市场的奶粉和婴儿配方中存在三聚氰胺的研究。在东非贸易中心达累斯萨拉姆（坦桑尼亚）共采集了 49 批奶粉，该中心是撒哈拉以南非洲、中非洲和东非的商业瓶颈和货物转运枢纽。2008 年 10 月至 12 月，在三聚氰胺污染中国产品的消息公开后，我们立即采集了两类样本：（i）向东非市场供应产品的所有国际公司的市场品牌，以及（ii）来自非正规渠道的非法销售产品。三聚氰胺浓度采用 AgraQuant 三聚氰胺敏感检测法测定。尽管坦桑尼亚国家禁止进口中国奶制品和无标签奶粉，但在受检查的微型零售商中，仍有 11%（200 个中的 22 个）在当地黑市上销售奶粉。仅能确定 49 个送检批次中 55%（27 个）的制造商。在所有样本中，有 6%（3 个），在所有国际名牌产品中，有 11%（3 个）三聚氰胺浓度达到 5.5 毫克/公斤奶粉。这一含量是美国食品和药物管理局建议的可耐受日摄入量的两倍左右。基于我们的研究，我们可以假设非洲受影响儿童的数量相当可观。
