Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Akademiska Hospital and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2010;16(3):311-21. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2010.11076848.
A random sample of 1 000 subjects (20-65 years old) from the national population of Sweden received a questionnaire; 70% (n=695) replied, of whom 532 were occupationally active. Female gender, working with neck and/or body bent forward, arms above shoulders, and precision work tasks were predictors of musculoskeletal symptoms. Neck, shoulder, and upper back symptoms were more common in a strained situation at work (high demands, low control) (adjusted odds ratios [adjOR] 2.76, 2.80, and 2.26, respectively). Among females, neck and shoulder symptoms were more common in an iso-strain situation (high demands, low control and low social support) (adjOR 4.43 and 3.69, respectively), and low back symptoms were more common at low social support combined with a passive work situation (adjOR 3.35). No associations were found between iso-strain model and symptoms among males. In conclusion, iso-strain work situation was associated with neck symptoms among females, even when controlling for ergonomic factors.
从瑞典全国人群中随机抽取了 1000 名（20-65 岁）受试者，他们收到了一份问卷；70%（n=695）人做出了回应，其中 532 人有职业活动。女性、颈部和/或身体前倾、手臂高于肩部以及精细工作任务是肌肉骨骼症状的预测因素。在工作中处于紧张状态（高要求、低控制）时，颈部、肩部和上背部症状更为常见（调整后的优势比 [adjOR] 分别为 2.76、2.80 和 2.26）。在女性中，颈部和肩部症状在等应变情况下更为常见（高要求、低控制和低社会支持）（adjOR 分别为 4.43 和 3.69），而在低社会支持与被动工作情况相结合时，腰部症状更为常见（adjOR 为 3.35）。在男性中，没有发现等应变模型与症状之间的关联。总之，即使控制了人体工程学因素，等应变工作情况也与女性的颈部症状有关。
