Fjellman-Wiklund A, Sundelin G
Occupational Health Care Center, Skellefteâ Municipality, Skellefteâ, Sweden.
Int J Occup Environ Health. 1998 Apr-Jun;4(2):89-98. doi: 10.1179/oeh.1998.4.2.89.
Musicians at all levels of performance, especially string players, are known to have a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The disorders seem to be most common in the neck, shoulders and low back. In 1988, a survey of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders of 36 music teachers was carried out at a music school in northern Sweden. In 1996, the teachers were reinvestigated. The study also included an investigation of the psychosocial work environment according to the Karasek demand-control theory, as well as measurements of upper-arm elevation during a working day in five violin teachers. The results showed that music teachers, like other professional musicians, often experience discomfort in the neck, shoulders, and low back. The discomfort tended to be of long duration, increasing over the years. The psychosocial work environment was characterized by high psychological demands and low authority over decisions. This was compensated for through good social support. The work required skill and creativity but was monotonous. The measurements of upper-arm elevation indicated considerable variations in shoulder positions between teachers. There were also differences in the work done with the right and left arms, with repetitive motions more commonly involving the right arm. Approximately a fourth of the working day was spent with the arm elevated 30-90 degrees. The relationships between upper-arm movements and ratings of discomfort were moderate.
各个演奏水平的音乐家，尤其是弦乐演奏者，都有较高的与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病患病率。这些疾病似乎在颈部、肩部和下背部最为常见。1988年，瑞典北部一所音乐学校对36名音乐教师的与工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾病进行了调查。1996年，对这些教师进行了重新调查。该研究还根据Karasek需求控制理论对心理社会工作环境进行了调查，并对五位小提琴教师工作日期间的上臂抬高情况进行了测量。结果表明，音乐教师和其他专业音乐家一样，经常在颈部、肩部和下背部感到不适。这种不适往往持续时间较长，且多年来不断加剧。心理社会工作环境的特点是心理需求高，决策自主权低。这通过良好的社会支持得到了弥补。这项工作需要技巧和创造力，但很单调。上臂抬高情况的测量表明，教师之间肩部位置存在相当大的差异。左右臂的工作也存在差异，重复性动作更多地涉及右臂。大约四分之一的工作日时间里，手臂抬高30至90度。上臂运动与不适评分之间的关系为中等。
