Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), c/o NUPI, Department of International Economics, P.O. Box 8159, 0033 Oslo, Norway.
Prev Vet Med. 2011 Sep 1;101(3-4):133-47. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.08.002. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Animal disease outbreaks pose significant threats to livestock sectors throughout the world, both from the standpoint of the economic impacts of the disease itself and the measures taken to mitigate the risk of disease introduction. These impacts are multidimensional and not always well understood, complicating effective policy response. In the developing world, livestock diseases have broader, more nuanced effects on markets, poverty, and livelihoods, given the diversity of uses of livestock and complexity of livestock value chains. In both settings, disease control strategies, particularly those informed by ex ante modeling platforms, often fail to recognize the constraints inherent among farmers, veterinary services, and other value chain actors. In short, context matters. Correspondingly, an important gap in the animal health economics literature is the explicit incorporation of behavior and incentives in impact analyses that highlight the interactions of disease with its socio-economic and institutional setting. In this paper, we examine new approaches and frameworks for the analysis of economic and poverty impacts of animal diseases. We propose greater utilization of "bottom-up" analyses, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of value chain and information economics approaches in impact analyses and stressing the importance of improved integration between the epidemiology of disease and its relationships with economic behavior.
动物疾病爆发对全球畜牧业部门构成重大威胁，无论是从疾病本身的经济影响还是为减轻疾病传入风险而采取的措施来看。这些影响是多方面的，并不总是被很好地理解，从而使有效的政策应对变得复杂。在发展中国家，鉴于牲畜用途的多样性和牲畜价值链的复杂性，牲畜疾病对市场、贫困和生计的影响更为广泛和微妙。在这两种情况下，疾病控制策略，特别是那些基于事前建模平台的策略，往往没有认识到农民、兽医服务和其他价值链行为者之间固有的制约因素。简而言之，背景很重要。相应地，动物健康经济学文献中的一个重要空白是在影响分析中明确纳入行为和激励因素，突出疾病与其社会经济和制度环境的相互作用。在本文中，我们研究了分析动物疾病的经济和贫困影响的新方法和框架。我们建议更多地利用“自下而上”的分析方法，突出价值链和信息经济学方法在影响分析中的优势和劣势，并强调在疾病流行病学与其与经济行为的关系之间加强整合的重要性。
