Shahzad M Nadeem, Javed M Tariq, Shabir Salaman, Irfan M, Hussain Riaz
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2012 Mar;64(3):141-7. doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2010.07.009. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
The study was carried out on a total of 100 broiler chicks divided into six equal groups at day 7 of age. Birds were fed copper sulphate and urea in different combinations for up to 37 days and then the birds of all the groups were fed plan feed for one week. The general signs were an increased water intake, ruffled feathering, watery droppings along with salivation in treatment groups. These signs were mild in groups fed low level of urea, while were severe in fed higher levels of these compounds together. Mild to moderate gross changes were observed in the birds of group B, C and D, while more pronounced changes were seen in birds of group E and F. In the latter groups, the liver was pale to yellowish and fragile. Kidneys were enlarged, swollen, congested and sometimes hemorrhagic. Histologically, mild cytoplasmic vacuolation and condensation/pyknosis or disappearance of the nucleus in the cells of the liver and kidney were the salient changes observed in the treatment groups, those were severe in birds fed higher levels of the two compounds. Changes in lungs were congestion and edema. Changes in the bursa of Fabricius were mild cytoplasmic vacuolation, cell depletion and chromatolysis. The live and carcass weights were lower in broilers fed higher levels of both copper and urea than the control group. The weights of kidney and heart were higher in birds fed higher levels of both of the compounds than the control group. It can be concluded from the present study that urea above 2% and copper sulphate above 1 gm in combination cause tissue damage, especially the liver and kidneys.
该研究共对100只7日龄的肉鸡雏鸡进行，将其分为六个相等的组。给鸡喂食不同组合的硫酸铜和尿素，持续37天，然后所有组的鸡再喂食一周的普通饲料。处理组的一般症状为饮水量增加、羽毛蓬乱、水样粪便以及流涎。在喂食低水平尿素的组中这些症状较轻，而在同时喂食较高水平这些化合物的组中症状严重。在B组、C组和D组的鸡中观察到轻度至中度的大体变化，而在E组和F组的鸡中变化更为明显。在后面这些组中，肝脏苍白至淡黄色且易碎。肾脏肿大、充血，有时还有出血。组织学上，在处理组中观察到的显著变化是肝脏和肾脏细胞中轻度的细胞质空泡化以及细胞核的浓缩/固缩或消失，在喂食较高水平这两种化合物的鸡中这些变化较为严重。肺部变化为充血和水肿。法氏囊的变化为轻度的细胞质空泡化、细胞减少和染色质溶解。喂食高水平铜和尿素的肉鸡的活重和胴体重低于对照组。喂食较高水平这两种化合物的鸡的肾脏和心脏重量高于对照组。从本研究可以得出结论，2%以上的尿素和1克以上的硫酸铜联合使用会导致组织损伤，尤其是肝脏和肾脏。
