Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010 Oct;23(5):535-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01068.x.
Epidemiological data suggest that calcium intake may influence lipid metabolism. It is unknown whether this influence also occurs in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary calcium, dairy food intake and metabolic parameters in individuals with HIV/AIDS.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 individuals with HIV/AIDS. Calcium intakes and food group consumption were determined by a food 24-h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire, respectively. The level of physical activity was determined with the international physical activity questionnaire and metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2001). Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance and chi-square were used to compare the groups.
The mean (SD) calcium intake was 559.5 (298.84) mg day(-1) and dairy food consumption was 1.73 (0.78) servings per day. Dietary calcium intake below 700 mg day(-1) had greater waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) but not significant and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.07). Dairy food consumers (>2 servings per day) showed lower BMI (P < 0.01), waist circumference (P = 0.05), SBP and DBP (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between calcium intake, MS and hypertension. The odds ratio for MS was 2.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23-3.32] and for hypertension was 2.25 (95% CI = 1.44-4.44). Only 21% of the individuals were categorised in the moderate/intense physical activity level.
The results obtained suggest that a dietary pattern with higher proportion of calcium and fruits/vegetables may protect against abdominal obesity and hypertension in HIV-infected individuals.
流行病学数据表明，钙的摄入量可能会影响脂代谢。目前尚不清楚这种影响是否也存在于 HIV/AIDS 患者中。本研究旨在评估 HIV/AIDS 患者的膳食钙、乳制品摄入量与代谢参数之间的关系。
本研究采用横断面研究设计，纳入了 100 名 HIV/AIDS 患者。通过 24 小时膳食回顾和食物频率问卷分别评估钙摄入量和食物组的摄入情况。采用国际体力活动问卷评估体力活动水平，采用美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗专家组第三次报告（2001 年）定义代谢综合征（MS）。采用 Student's t 检验、单因素方差分析和卡方检验比较各组间的差异。
患者的平均（标准差）钙摄入量为 559.5（298.84）mg/天，乳制品摄入量为 1.73（0.78）份/天。钙摄入量低于 700mg/天的患者腰围、体质量指数（BMI）更大，但差异无统计学意义，且收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）更高（P<0.05）。每日食用乳制品超过 2 份的患者 BMI 较低（P<0.01），腰围较小（P=0.05），SBP 和 DBP 也较低（P<0.05）。钙摄入量与 MS 和高血压之间存在显著关联。MS 的比值比（OR）为 2.0（95%可信区间[CI]为 1.23-3.32），高血压的 OR 为 2.25（95%CI 为 1.44-4.44）。仅有 21%的患者被归类为中/高强度体力活动水平。
研究结果表明，富含钙和水果/蔬菜的饮食模式可能有助于预防 HIV 感染者发生腹型肥胖和高血压。
