Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Bioresour Technol. 2011 Jan;102(2):437-51. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.010. Epub 2010 Aug 6.
The use of different input data, functional units, allocation methods, reference systems and other assumptions complicates comparisons of LCA bioenergy studies. In addition, uncertainties and use of specific local factors for indirect effects (like land-use change and N-based soil emissions) may give rise to wide ranges of final results. In order to investigate how these key issues have been addressed so far, this work performs a review of the recent bioenergy LCA literature. The abundance of studies dealing with the different biomass resources, conversion technologies, products and environmental impact categories is summarized and discussed. Afterwards, a qualitative interpretation of the LCA results is depicted, focusing on energy balance, GHG balance and other impact categories. With the exception of a few studies, most LCAs found a significant net reduction in GHG emissions and fossil energy consumption when bioenergy replaces fossil energy.
使用不同的输入数据、功能单元、分配方法、参考系统和其他假设会使 LCA 生物能源研究的比较变得复杂。此外，不确定性和对间接影响（如土地利用变化和基于 N 的土壤排放）的特定本地因素的使用可能会导致最终结果的广泛差异。为了研究迄今为止这些关键问题是如何解决的，本工作对最近的生物能源 LCA 文献进行了回顾。总结和讨论了处理不同生物质资源、转化技术、产品和环境影响类别的大量研究。之后，对 LCA 结果进行了定性解释，重点关注能源平衡、温室气体平衡和其他影响类别。除了少数研究外，当生物能源替代化石能源时，大多数 LCA 发现温室气体排放和化石能源消耗的净减少量显著。
