Section of Public Health, School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK.
J Public Health (Oxf). 2011 Jun;33(2):212-22. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq068. Epub 2010 Sep 10.
Urban development projects can be costly and have health impacts. An evidence-based approach to urban planning is therefore essential. However, the evidence for physical and non-physical health benefits of urban green space is unclear.
A literature search of academic and grey literature was conducted for studies and reviews of the health effects of green space. Articles found were appraised for their relevance, critically reviewed and graded accordingly. Their findings were then thematically categorized.
There is weak evidence for the links between physical, mental health and well-being, and urban green space. Environmental factors such as the quality and accessibility of green space affects its use for physical activity. User determinants, such as age, gender, ethnicity and the perception of safety, are also important. However, many studies were limited by poor study design, failure to exclude confounding, bias or reverse causality and weak statistical associations.
Most studies reported findings that generally supported the view that green space have a beneficial health effect. Establishing a causal relationship is difficult, as the relationship is complex. Simplistic urban interventions may therefore fail to address the underlying determinants of urban health that are not remediable by landscape redesign.
城市发展项目可能代价高昂，并对健康产生影响。因此，采用循证方法进行城市规划至关重要。然而，城市绿地对身心健康的益处的证据并不明确。
对有关绿地健康影响的研究和综述进行了学术和灰色文献的检索。对找到的文章进行了相关性评估、批判性评价，并根据评估结果进行分级。然后对其研究结果进行了主题分类。
只有微弱的证据表明物理、心理健康和幸福感与城市绿地之间存在关联。环境因素，如绿地的质量和可达性，影响其在体育活动中的使用。用户决定因素，如年龄、性别、种族和安全感知，也很重要。但是，许多研究受到研究设计不佳、无法排除混杂因素、偏差或反向因果关系以及统计关联较弱的限制。
大多数研究报告的结果普遍支持这样一种观点，即绿地对健康有益。由于这种关系很复杂，因此建立因果关系很困难。因此，简单的城市干预措施可能无法解决城市健康的根本决定因素，而这些决定因素是无法通过景观重新设计来解决的。
