Nu Beta, Doctoral Student, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nu Beta, Professor, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2018 Mar;50(2):117-125. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12365. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
To systematically analyze evidence about the impact of green space on the perception and actual safety of residents of urban neighborhoods.
Systematic review of green space and violence based on Broome review criteria.
One landmark study prompted the initial hand search and identification of search terms. Twenty-three quantitative, five qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were found in the urban planning, public health, medical, and psychological literature that met the following criteria: analyzed green space and violence as factors in the perception of safety as an outcome measure, including action taken by being outside for recreation, exercise, or self-report in the survey.
Findings were inconsistent regarding the direct relationship between perception of safety and green space when using recreation and exercise as a proxy for perception of safety. Findings regarding perception of safety in surveys were limited but indicated a positive correlation with green space. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the perception of safety is supported by quality, accessibility, and aesthetic dimensions of neighborhood green space, and the perception of safety is often unrelated to actual crime rates.
The science for understanding mechanisms between green space and violence as part of environmental health has been insufficiently developed and requires further study. Environmental health, including green space, is central to health promotion, and understanding is key to preventing the epidemic of violence.
This article provides a summary of research related to green space, violence in communities, perception of safety, and violent crime in those communities. It identifies gaps in our knowledge where future research is needed. Nurses have the opportunity to lead the development, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions and policies addressing the inequality of quality and quantity of green space in the built and natural environment and related co-benefits.
系统分析有关绿色空间对城市社区居民感知和实际安全影响的证据。
基于布鲁姆审查标准对绿色空间和暴力进行系统审查。
一项具有里程碑意义的研究促使我们进行了初步的手动搜索，并确定了搜索词。在城市规划、公共卫生、医学和心理学文献中，共找到了 23 项定量研究、5 项定性研究和 2 项混合方法研究，这些研究符合以下标准：分析绿色空间和暴力作为安全感感知的因素，作为衡量结果的指标，包括因娱乐、锻炼或调查中的自我报告而在户外活动的行为。
当使用娱乐和锻炼作为安全感感知的代理时，关于安全感感知与绿色空间之间的直接关系的研究结果不一致。关于调查中安全感感知的研究结果有限，但表明与绿色空间呈正相关。有足够的证据可以得出结论，即邻里绿色空间的质量、可及性和美学维度支持安全感感知，而安全感感知通常与实际犯罪率无关。
作为环境卫生一部分的绿色空间与暴力之间的机制的科学研究还不够发达，需要进一步研究。环境卫生包括绿色空间，是健康促进的核心，理解是预防暴力流行的关键。
本文总结了与绿色空间、社区暴力、安全感感知以及这些社区中的暴力犯罪相关的研究。它确定了我们知识中的差距，需要进一步研究。护士有机会领导开发、实施和评估针对建筑和自然环境中绿色空间的质量和数量不平等以及相关共同效益的循证干预措施和政策。
