加工方法对育肥日粮中白玉米与常规蒸汽压片黄玉米比较消化率的影响。
Influence of processing method on comparative digestion of white corn versus conventional steam-flaked yellow dent corn in finishing diets for feedlot cattle.
机构信息
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México 21100.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2011 Jan;89(1):136-41. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3116. Epub 2010 Sep 10.
Four Holstein steers (137 ± 2 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the influence of processing method on comparative digestion of white corn. Treatments consisted of a basal finishing diet containing 80% corn grain (DM basis) as 1) dry-rolled white corn (DRWC), 2) steam-flaked white corn (SFWC) with 0.36 kg/L flake density (SFWC36), 3) SFWC, 0.31 kg/L flake density (SFWC31), and 4) steam-flaked yellow corn (SFYC) with 0.31 kg/L flake density (SFYC31). Characteristics of ruminal, postruminal, and apparent total tract digestion of OM, starch, and N were similar (P ≥ 0.08) for SFYC31 and SFWC31 treatments. Decreasing flake density of white corn (from 0.36 to 0.31 kg/L) did not affect (P = 0.22) ruminal OM digestion, but increased (1.9%, P = 0.07) apparent total tract OM digestion. Compared with dry rolling, steam flaking white corn increased ruminal (9.4%, P = 0.05), postruminal (14.4%, P < 0.01), and apparent total tract OM digestion (8.2%, P < 0.01), reflecting corresponding increases in ruminal (13.3%, P < 0.01), postruminal (43%, P < 0.01), and apparent total tract (12.3%, P < 0.01) starch digestion. Apparent postruminal and apparent total-tract N digestion also were greater (6.5 and 5.6%, respectively, P = 0.04) for SFWC than for DRWC. The DE value of SFWC and SFYC diets was similar, averaging 3.39 Mcal/kg. The DE value of SFWC was greater (8.1%, P < 0.01) than that of DRWC. Ruminal pH (4 h postprandial) averaged 5.74 and was not affected (P ≥ 0.48) by dietary treatments. Compared with dry rolling, steam flaking markedly enhances the feeding value of white corn, with optimal flake density being less than 0.36 kg/L. Although white corn has greater vitreous endosperm content, characteristics of ruminal starch digestion and undegradable intake protein are similar to conventional yellow dent corn when processed to a similar flake density (0.31 kg/L). However, postruminal and apparent total tract starch digestion tends to be slightly less for flaked white corn than for yellow corn.
四头荷斯坦阉牛（137 ± 2 公斤），瘤胃和近端十二指肠有套管，采用 4×4 拉丁方设计，评估加工方法对白玉米比较消化的影响。处理方法包括含有 80%玉米颗粒（干物质基础）的基础育肥日粮：1）干压白玉米（DRWC），2）膨化白玉米（SFWC），膨化密度为 0.36 千克/升（SFWC36），3）SFWC，膨化密度为 0.31 千克/升（SFWC31），和 4）膨化黄玉米（SFYC），膨化密度为 0.31 千克/升（SFYC31）。SFYC31 和 SFWC31 处理的瘤胃后和全肠道表观消化率的 OM、淀粉和 N 特征相似（P≥0.08）。降低白玉米的膨化密度（从 0.36 千克/升降至 0.31 千克/升）不会影响（P=0.22）瘤胃 OM 消化，但会增加（1.9%，P=0.07）全肠道 OM 消化。与干压相比，蒸汽压片白玉米增加了瘤胃（9.4%，P=0.05）、瘤胃后（14.4%，P<0.01）和全肠道 OM 消化（8.2%，P<0.01），反映出相应的瘤胃（13.3%，P<0.01）、瘤胃后（43%，P<0.01）和全肠道（12.3%，P<0.01）淀粉消化增加。SFWC 处理的表观瘤胃后和全肠道 N 消化也更高（分别为 6.5%和 5.6%，P=0.04）。SFWC 和 SFYC 日粮的 DE 值相似，平均为 3.39 Mcal/kg。SFWC 的 DE 值大于 DRWC（8.1%，P<0.01）。瘤胃 pH（4 小时餐后）平均为 5.74，不受日粮处理的影响（P≥0.48）。与干压相比，蒸汽压片显著提高了白玉米的饲养价值，最佳膨化密度小于 0.36 千克/升。尽管白玉米具有更高的玻璃质胚乳含量，但当加工成类似的膨化密度（0.31 千克/升）时，其瘤胃淀粉消化和未降解可利用蛋白的特性与传统的黄马齿玉米相似。然而，与黄玉米相比，膨化白玉米的瘤胃后和全肠道淀粉消化往往略低。
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