University of Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2010 Oct;36(10):1301-4. doi: 10.1177/0146167210383044. Epub 2010 Sep 10.
The intentionality bias is the tendency for people to view the behavior of others as intentional. This study tests the hypothesis that alcohol magnifies the intentionality bias by disrupting effortful cognitive abilities. Using a 2 × 2 balanced placebo design in a natural field experiment disguised as a food-tasting session, participants received either a high dose of alcohol (target BAC = .10%) or no alcohol, with half of each group believing they had or had not consumed alcohol. Participants then read a series of sentences describing simple actions (e.g., "She cut him off in traffic") and indicated whether the actions were done intentionally or accidentally. As expected, intoxicated people interpreted more acts as intentional than did sober people. This finding helps explain why alcohol increases aggression. For example, intoxicated people may interpret a harmless bump in a crowded bar as a provocation.
意图偏差是指人们倾向于将他人的行为视为有意的。本研究通过测试假设来检验这种偏差，即酒精通过干扰费力的认知能力来放大意图偏差。在一项伪装成食品品尝会的自然现场实验中，采用 2×2 平衡安慰剂设计，参与者接受高剂量酒精（目标 BAC =.10%）或无酒精，每组的一半参与者认为自己已经或尚未摄入酒精。然后，参与者阅读一系列描述简单动作的句子（例如，“她在交通中截住了他”），并表示这些动作是故意的还是无意的。正如预期的那样，醉酒者比清醒者更倾向于将更多的行为解释为有意的。这一发现有助于解释为什么酒精会增加攻击性。例如，醉酒者可能会将拥挤酒吧里的无害碰撞解释为挑衅。
