腺嘌呤核苷到次黄嘌呤核苷 RNA 编辑。
Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing.
机构信息
The Wistar Institute, Gene Expression and Regulation, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
出版信息
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;1(2):202-209. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.10.
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) editing is a mechanism that generates RNA and protein diversity, which is not directly encoded in the genome. The most common type of RNA editing in vertebrates is the conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA which occurs in the higher eukaryotes. This editing is carried out by the family of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins. The most-studied substrates of ADAR proteins undergo editing which is very consistent, highly conserved, and functionally important. However, editing causes changes in protein-coding regions only at a small proportion of all editing sites. The vast majority of editing sites are in noncoding sequences. This includes microRNAs, as well as the introns and 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, which play important roles in the RNA-mediated regulation of gene expression.
摘要
核糖核酸（RNA）编辑是一种产生 RNA 和蛋白质多样性的机制，而这些多样性并不直接编码在基因组中。脊椎动物中最常见的 RNA 编辑类型是双链 RNA 中腺嘌呤向肌苷的转化，这种编辑发生在高等真核生物中。这种编辑是由腺苷脱氨酶作用于 RNA（ADAR）蛋白家族完成的。ADAR 蛋白的最主要的研究底物是编辑非常一致、高度保守且具有重要功能的 RNA。然而，编辑只导致蛋白质编码区域中所有编辑位点的一小部分发生变化。绝大多数编辑位点位于非编码序列中。这包括 microRNAs，以及信使 RNA 的内含子和 3'非翻译区，它们在 RNA 介导的基因表达调控中发挥着重要作用。
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