ADAR 介导的非编码 RNA 序列中的 RNA 编辑。
ADAR-mediated RNA editing in non-coding RNA sequences.
机构信息
Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou, 310058, China.
出版信息
Sci China Life Sci. 2013 Oct;56(10):944-52. doi: 10.1007/s11427-013-4546-5. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most abundant editing event in animals. It converts adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA regions through the action of the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) proteins. Editing of pre-mRNA coding regions can alter the protein codon and increase functional diversity. However, most of the A-to-I editing sites occur in the non-coding regions of pre-mRNA or mRNA and non-coding RNAs. Untranslated regions (UTRs) and introns are located in pre-mRNA non-coding regions, thus A-to-I editing can influence gene expression by nuclear retention, degradation, alternative splicing, and translation regulation. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are related to pre-mRNA splicing, translation, and gene regulation. A-to-I editing could therefore affect the stability, biogenesis, and target recognition of non-coding RNAs. Finally, it may influence the function of non-coding RNAs, resulting in regulation of gene expression. This review focuses on the function of ADAR-mediated RNA editing on mRNA non-coding regions (UTRs and introns) and non-coding RNAs (miRNA, siRNA, and lncRNA).
腺嘌呤到次黄嘌呤（A-to-I）RNA 编辑是动物中最丰富的编辑事件。它通过腺嘌呤脱氨酶作用于 RNA（ADAR）蛋白将双链 RNA 区域中的腺嘌呤转化为次黄嘌呤。前体 mRNA 编码区的编辑可以改变蛋白质密码子并增加功能多样性。然而，大多数 A-to-I 编辑位点发生在前体 mRNA 或 mRNA 和非编码 RNA 的非编码区。非翻译区（UTR）和内含子位于前体 mRNA 的非编码区，因此 A-to-I 编辑可以通过核保留、降解、选择性剪接和翻译调节来影响基因表达。非编码 RNA，如 microRNA (miRNA)、小干扰 RNA (siRNA) 和长非编码 RNA (lncRNA)，与前体 mRNA 的剪接、翻译和基因调控有关。因此，A-to-I 编辑可能会影响非编码 RNA 的稳定性、生物发生和靶标识别。最后，它可能会影响非编码 RNA 的功能，从而调节基因表达。本综述重点介绍 ADAR 介导的 RNA 编辑对 mRNA 非编码区（UTR 和内含子）和非编码 RNA（miRNA、siRNA 和 lncRNA）的功能。
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