Yale University Program for Recovery and Community Health, New Haven, CT 06513, USA.
J Ment Health. 2010 Oct;19(5):436-43. doi: 10.3109/09638231003728158.
There are remarkable parallels between the vision of the Italian Mental Health Reform of the 1960s and 1970s and the vision of "recovery" being promoted around the globe. Most importantly, they share a fundamental conviction in the right of individuals with mental illnesses to "a life in the community", arguing that the basic rights of social inclusion, self-determination, and citizenship provide the necessary foundation for, rather than follow after, recovery. This article describes four strategies used in the Italian Reform to actualize this vision: creating two-way streets between the mental health system and the broader community, establishing social cooperatives with joining forces with other citizens' groups, and working toward community inclusion on a person-by-person basis. The authors suggest that useful lessons learned from these efforts can be applied to the present challenge of affording all individuals with serious mental illnesses the "life in the community" to which they are entitled.
意大利 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代的精神卫生改革愿景与全球范围内倡导的“康复”愿景之间存在显著的相似之处。最重要的是，它们都坚信精神疾病患者享有“社区生活”的权利，认为社会包容、自我决定和公民身份等基本权利为康复提供了必要的基础，而不是康复的后续。本文描述了意大利改革中实现这一愿景的四项策略：在精神卫生系统和更广泛的社区之间建立双向通道，与其他公民团体联合成立社会合作社，并努力实现社区逐个成员的包容。作者认为，从这些努力中汲取的有益经验教训可应用于当前为所有患有严重精神疾病的人提供他们应得的“社区生活”的挑战。
