Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, 4 Newark Street, London E14AT, UK.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Dec 1;132(3):570-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.009. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
(1) To assess psychological khat dependence and (2) to assess the validity and reliability of the Severity Dependence Scale (Gossop et al., 1995) amended for khat use (SDS-khat), in a sample of UK-resident male adult Yemeni khat chewers.
A cross-sectional study using a face to face structured interview schedule was conducted amongst purposively sampled UK-resident adult Yemeni male khat chewers, aged 18 years and above, selected during random visits to places of khat sale. A factor analysis with principal components extraction was conducted to explore the construct validity of the proposed SDS-khat. Reliability of the proposed scale was assessed using test-retest and internal reliability tests. The concurrent validity of the proposed SDS-khat was assessed in relation to individual measures and a composite index of khat chewing behaviours using univariate analyses.
Two hundred and four Yemeni male adult khat chewers were interviewed. The mean score of the proposed SDS-khat was 5.52 (SD ±4.03). Forty nine percent of respondents (95% CI=43-55%) with ≤5 scores were more likely not psychologically dependent. A single factor, uni-dimensional solution identifying the five items making up the scale accounted for 52.33% of variance. The internal reliability was good (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=0.76) and the test retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.93 (95% CI=0.80-0.97). Many individual aspects of the khat chewing were significantly related to the scale. Assessment of the proposed SDS-khat's concurrent validity with individual items of khat chewing identified several significant relationships (p≤0.05) whilst the composite index of khat behaviour also identified a significant relationship (OR=14.40, 95% CI=6.71-30.89). The proposed SDS-khat also correlated with self-reported reasons for khat chewing (p≤0.001, OR=3.54; 95% CI=1.80-6.96).
In this sample of Yemeni khat chewers the SDS-khat is recommended as a valid and reliable research tool for measuring psychological dependence upon khat. Further validation in other samples is indicated.
（1）评估心理阿拉伯茶依赖，（2）评估经过修正的严重依赖量表（Gossop 等人，1995 年）用于评估阿拉伯茶使用情况的有效性和可靠性（SDS-阿拉伯茶），该量表在英国居住的成年也门阿拉伯茶咀嚼者样本中进行。
采用面对面的结构化访谈方案进行横断面研究，在也门成年男性阿拉伯茶咀嚼者中进行，年龄在 18 岁及以上，在随机访问阿拉伯茶销售地点时选择。采用主成分提取的因子分析来探索所提出的 SDS-阿拉伯茶的结构有效性。采用重测和内部可靠性测试来评估所提议量表的可靠性。采用单变量分析评估所提出的 SDS-阿拉伯茶与个体测量值和阿拉伯茶咀嚼行为综合指数的同时有效性。
对 204 名也门成年男性阿拉伯茶咀嚼者进行了访谈。所提出的 SDS-阿拉伯茶的平均得分为 5.52（SD ±4.03）。49%（95%CI=43-55%）得分≤5 的受访者更有可能没有心理依赖。一个单一的因素，识别组成量表的五个项目的单维解决方案，占方差的 52.33%。内部可靠性良好（克朗巴赫的α系数=0.76），重测内部一致性相关系数（ICC）为 0.93（95%CI=0.80-0.97）。阿拉伯茶咀嚼的许多个别方面与该量表显著相关。使用阿拉伯茶咀嚼的个别项目评估所提出的 SDS-阿拉伯茶的同时有效性，确定了几个显著关系（p≤0.05），而阿拉伯茶行为的综合指数也确定了一个显著关系（OR=14.40，95%CI=6.71-30.89）。SDS-阿拉伯茶还与自我报告的阿拉伯茶咀嚼原因相关（p≤0.001，OR=3.54；95%CI=1.80-6.96）。
在也门阿拉伯茶咀嚼者的这个样本中，SDS-阿拉伯茶被推荐为一种有效的、可靠的研究工具，用于衡量对阿拉伯茶的心理依赖。建议在其他样本中进一步验证。
