Atnafie Seyfe Asrade, Muluneh Niguse Yigzaw, Getahun Kefyalew Ayalew, Woredekal Asegedech Tsegaw, Kahaliw Wubayehu
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Depress Res Treat. 2020 Sep 26;2020:7934892. doi: 10.1155/2020/7934892. eCollection 2020.
Individuals with substance use disorder are prone to develop different psychiatric disorders. Substance abuse and associated problems are of current global concern that leads to mental health disorders which contributed about 14% of the global burden of the disease. It has become an epidemic in some parts of the African region with adolescents being the main victims of the ill health and social effects of substance use. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress and associated factors among khat chewers in the Amhara region, 2019. A community-based cross-sectional study was done from February 14 to April 15, 2019. A purposive sampling technique was used to enroll the subjects. Data was collected using the face-to-face interview technique using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to summarize the results. value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 478 participants were enrolled in the study with a response rate of 94.1%. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 27.4%, 40.6%, and 18.8%, respectively. Around 43% of the respondents develop dependency from khat chewing. Working in a private sector, being self-employed, being jobless, spending 90 to 180 minutes and more, chewing 51-100 g and more, and chewing khat more than once per week were positively associated with stress. On the other hand, being a private sector worker, being jobless, completing secondary education, earning 1001-5000 ETB per month, chewing khat more than once per week, being khat dependent, and the presence of chronic illness were positively associated with anxiety. History of chronic illness and being khat dependent were positively associated with depression. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was high among khat chewers in the Amhara region. Special attention has to be given to khat chewers since khat chewing will double the burden of mental illness. Proper awareness and evaluation activities will reduce the impact of the problem.
患有物质使用障碍的个体容易患上不同的精神疾病。药物滥用及相关问题是当前全球关注的问题，会导致精神健康障碍，约占全球疾病负担的14%。在非洲地区的一些地方，这已成为一种流行病，青少年是药物使用对健康和社会造成不良影响的主要受害者。本研究旨在评估2019年阿姆哈拉地区恰特草咀嚼者中抑郁、焦虑和压力的患病率及相关因素。2019年2月14日至4月15日进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用目的抽样技术招募受试者。使用抑郁焦虑压力量表21（DASS - 21）问卷通过面对面访谈技术收集数据。采用描述性统计以及双变量和多变量逻辑回归来总结结果。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。共有478名参与者纳入研究，应答率为94.1%。抑郁、焦虑和压力的总体患病率分别为27.4%、40.6%和18.8%。约43%的受访者对恰特草咀嚼产生依赖。在私营部门工作、个体经营、失业、每天咀嚼90至180分钟及以上、每次咀嚼51 - 100克及以上以及每周咀嚼恰特草不止一次与压力呈正相关。另一方面，私营部门工作者、失业、完成中等教育、每月收入1001 - 5000埃塞俄比亚比尔、每周咀嚼恰特草不止一次、对恰特草产生依赖以及患有慢性病与焦虑呈正相关。慢性病病史和对恰特草产生依赖与抑郁呈正相关。阿姆哈拉地区恰特草咀嚼者中抑郁、焦虑和压力的患病率较高。由于恰特草咀嚼会使精神疾病负担加倍，因此必须特别关注恰特草咀嚼者。适当的认识和评估活动将减少该问题的影响。
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