Jacobi K W, Nowak M R, Strobel J
Universitäts-Augenklinik, Giessen, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Fortschr Ophthalmol. 1990;87 Suppl:S29-32.
Intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the method established worldwide for visual rehabilitation following cataract surgery. IOL's with particular characteristics and/or for special purposes are available for clinical or experimental use. Bifocal and multifocal IOLs have two or more foci for simultaneous far and near vision. The first clinical results are promising. The theoretically expected disadvantages, i.e., reduced contrast sensitivity or reduced visual acuity under reduced contrast conditions, have not yet been found in clinical studies. In cases of age-related macular degeneration, IOLs with a high negative diopter power in the center can be implanted as part of a Galilei telescope. By using high-plus power spectacles, a 2.5x to 4x magnification and a wide field of view can be achieved. Clinical investigation has started recently. Intraocular lenses for the correction of high-grade myopia are being tested by some surgeons. These lenses are made to be implanted in phakic eyes with a clear crystalline lens. Angle-supported and iris-fixated types are under investigation. Longterm results will show the clinical efficacy and safety. Other special intraocular lenses are iris-color lenses and a polymethymethacrylate (PMMA) iris diaphragm.
人工晶状体（IOL）植入是全球公认的白内障手术后视力恢复方法。具有特殊特性和/或用于特殊目的的人工晶状体可用于临床或实验。双焦点和多焦点人工晶状体有两个或更多焦点，可同时实现远视力和近视力。首批临床结果令人鼓舞。理论上预期的缺点，即在对比度降低的情况下对比度敏感度降低或视力下降，在临床研究中尚未发现。在年龄相关性黄斑变性病例中，可植入中心具有高负屈光度的人工晶状体作为伽利略望远镜的一部分。通过使用高正度数眼镜，可实现2.5倍至4倍的放大率和广阔视野。临床研究最近已启动。一些外科医生正在测试用于矫正高度近视的人工晶状体。这些晶状体设计用于植入具有透明晶状体的有晶状体眼中。角支撑型和虹膜固定型正在研究中。长期结果将显示其临床疗效和安全性。其他特殊人工晶状体包括虹膜色晶状体和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）虹膜隔。
