Lund University, Sweden.
Br J Sociol. 2010 Sep;61(3):565-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2010.01326.x.
The paper is a sounding of Ulrich Beck's and Edgar Grande's conceptual map of the varieties of second modernity - Western and Non-Western, European and beyond - that makes up today's world. Their mapping is examined in the light of two, striking analytical perspectives associated with Ulrich Beck: everyday 'cosmopolitization' and his call for a methodological cosmopolitanism. A line of inquiry explores whether contemporary modernities are essentially expressions of a single, underlying modernization drive or whether they are utterly disparate entities. The implications of treating them as 'variants and variations' are unpacked with reference to musical models and how they generate difference. The probe into methodological cosmopolitanism touches on 'de-provincialization' that is somewhat at odds with the postcolonial project of 'provincializing' Europe. It looks at the attempt to go beyond 'nation-bound' sociological dualisms in determining the appropriate 'unit of analysis' for our ever-morphing current reality. Does this imply engaging with 'singularity'- with a mode of conceptualization that sidesteps the universal/particular couple and related either/or thinking? References to the making of the 'first modernity' under unequal centre/periphery relations of colonial power are aired for possible lessons in mappings of the second. Ulrich Beck's 'impure, really-existing cosmopolitanism'- in contrast to its speculative counterpart derived from the realm of pure ideas - springs from humdrum global economic and political links and institutions that span out across, above and beyond the 'container of the national space'. With the inadvertent cosmopolitical impact of the migrations it amounts in practice to a functioning 'cosmopolitan realpolitik'. Is there room for it to develop or will it stall as a mere front for national, tribal-territorial interests - going the way of 'multiculturalism and diversity' that seem increasingly to serve as governmental ideologies for managing global difference? Whether each of the varieties of second modernity throws up a 'cosmopolitan vision' of its own remains to be determined more fully. It seems possible that friction between the modernities might fetch up on a higher plane as clashing cosmopolitanisms. Historical precedents give scant comfort if we look at the fate of the ecumenic empires of the ancient world of the 'first cosmopolitan age' or at landmark cosmopolitan endeavours such as Aby Warburg's and WEB Du Bois' on the eve of counter-cosmopolitan currents of the 1930s. An abiding scepticism prevails about the capacity of 'impure cosmopolitanism' to bootstrap and elaborate itself from an involuntary, reflex condition into a self-reflexive, critical dispensation.
本文探讨了乌尔里希·贝克 (Ulrich Beck) 和埃德加·格兰德 (Edgar Grande) 对第二现代性的各种变体的概念图,这些变体包括西方和非西方、欧洲和超越欧洲的现代性,它们构成了当今世界。本文从与乌尔里希·贝克 (Ulrich Beck) 相关的两个引人注目的分析视角——日常生活中的“世界主义化”和他对方法论世界主义的呼吁——来审视他们的制图。有一种探究方法探讨了当代现代性是否本质上是单一的、潜在的现代化动力的表现,还是完全不同的实体。探讨了将它们视为“变体和变体”的含义,并参考了音乐模型以及它们如何产生差异。对方法论世界主义的探究触及了“去地方化”,这与后殖民主义将欧洲“地方化”的项目有些相悖。它着眼于超越“以国家为边界”的社会学二元论,以确定我们不断变化的当前现实的适当“分析单位”。这是否意味着要参与到“奇点”的概念化模式中,这种模式回避了普遍性/特殊性的对偶关系以及相关的非此即彼的思维?本文还探讨了在不平等的中心/边缘殖民权力关系下塑造“第一现代性”的可能性,以期为塑造第二现代性提供借鉴。乌尔里希·贝克 (Ulrich Beck) 的“不纯的、真实存在的世界主义”——与源自纯粹理念领域的思辨对应物形成鲜明对比——源于平淡无奇的全球经济和政治联系和机构,这些联系和机构跨越、超越了“民族空间的容器”。随着移民的无意识的世界政治影响,它实际上构成了一种运作良好的“世界主义的现实政治”。它有发展的空间吗?还是会因为国家、部落领土利益而停滞不前——就像“多元文化主义和多样性”一样,它们似乎越来越成为管理全球差异的政府意识形态?第二现代性的各种变体是否都呈现出自己的“世界主义愿景”,这还有待更全面地确定。似乎有可能,现代性之间的摩擦可能会在更高的层面上产生冲突,形成冲突的世界主义。如果我们回顾一下古代世界的“第一世界主义时代”的普世帝国的命运,或者回顾一下阿比·瓦尔堡 (Aby Warburg) 和 WEB 杜波依斯 (WEB Du Bois) 等具有里程碑意义的世界主义努力,那么历史先例几乎没有带来什么安慰。在 20 世纪 30 年代反世界主义潮流之前。对于“不纯的世界主义”从不自觉的、反射性的条件自我发展和详细阐述为自我反思、批判性的条件,人们普遍持怀疑态度。