New Zealand Academy of Sport, Auckland, New Zealand.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Oct;20 Suppl 2:1-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01184.x.
Performance in intense exercise events, such as Olympic rowing, swimming, kayak, track running and track cycling events, involves energy contribution from aerobic and anaerobic sources. As aerobic energy supply dominates the total energy requirements after ∼75s of near maximal effort, and has the greatest potential for improvement with training, the majority of training for these events is generally aimed at increasing aerobic metabolic capacity. A short-term period (six to eight sessions over 2-4 weeks) of high-intensity interval training (consisting of repeated exercise bouts performed close to or well above the maximal oxygen uptake intensity, interspersed with low-intensity exercise or complete rest) can elicit increases in intense exercise performance of 2-4% in well-trained athletes. The influence of high-volume training is less discussed, but its importance should not be downplayed, as high-volume training also induces important metabolic adaptations. While the metabolic adaptations that occur with high-volume training and high-intensity training show considerable overlap, the molecular events that signal for these adaptations may be different. A polarized approach to training, whereby ∼75% of total training volume is performed at low intensities, and 10-15% is performed at very high intensities, has been suggested as an optimal training intensity distribution for elite athletes who perform intense exercise events.
在高强度运动项目中表现出色，如奥运划船、游泳、皮划艇、田径跑步和场地自行车等，需要有氧和无氧能量的共同贡献。由于在接近最大努力的 75 秒后，有氧能量供应主导了总能量需求，并且通过训练有最大的潜力提高，因此这些项目的大多数训练通常旨在提高有氧代谢能力。短期高强度间歇训练（在 2-4 周内进行 6 到 8 次训练，包括接近或超过最大摄氧量强度的重复运动，穿插低强度运动或完全休息）可以使训练有素的运动员在高强度运动中的表现提高 2-4%。高强度训练的影响讨论较少，但不应低估其重要性，因为高容量训练也会引起重要的代谢适应。虽然高容量训练和高强度训练引起的代谢适应有很大的重叠，但引起这些适应的分子事件可能不同。一种极化的训练方法，即将总训练量的约 75%以低强度进行，10-15%以非常高强度进行，被认为是进行高强度运动项目的精英运动员的最佳训练强度分布。
