Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Section of Human Physiology, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Oct;20 Suppl 2:11-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01193.x.
The present article reviews the physiological and performance effects of speed endurance training consisting of exercise bouts at near maximal intensities in already trained subjects. Despite a reduction in training volume, speed endurance training of endurance-trained athletes can maintain the oxidative capacity and improve intense short-duration/repeated high-intensity exercise performance lasting 30 s to 4 min, as it occurs in a number of sports. When combined with a basic volume of training including some aerobic high-intensity sessions, speed endurance training is also useful in enhancing performance during longer events, e.g. 40 K cycling and 10 K running. Athletes in team sports involving intense exercise actions and endurance aspects can also benefit from performing speed endurance training. These improvements don't appear to depend on changes in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), muscle substrate levels, glycolytic and oxidative enzymes activity, and membrane transport proteins involved in pH regulation. Instead they appear to be related to a reduced energy expenditure during submaximal exercise and a higher expression of muscle Na(+) ,K(+) pump α-subunits, which via a higher Na(+) ,K(+) pump activity during exercise may delay fatigue development during intense exercise. In conclusion, athletes from disciplines involving periods of intense exercise can benefit from the inclusion of speed endurance sessions in their training programs.
本文综述了速度耐力训练对生理和运动表现的影响，这种训练由已接受训练的受试者进行接近最大强度的运动。尽管训练量减少，但速度耐力训练仍能维持耐力型运动员的氧化能力，并提高持续 30 秒至 4 分钟的高强度短时间/重复高强度运动表现，因为这种运动在许多运动中都有发生。当与包括一些有氧高强度训练的基本训练量结合使用时，速度耐力训练也有助于提高长距离运动的表现，例如 40 公里自行车和 10 公里跑步。涉及高强度运动动作和耐力方面的团队运动运动员也可以从进行速度耐力训练中受益。这些改善似乎并不依赖于最大摄氧量（VO2max）、肌肉底物水平、糖酵解和氧化酶活性以及参与 pH 调节的膜转运蛋白的变化。相反，它们似乎与亚最大运动时能量消耗减少以及肌肉 Na(+),K(+) 泵 α-亚基表达增加有关，这可能通过运动时更高的 Na(+),K(+) 泵活性来延迟高强度运动中的疲劳发展。总之，涉及高强度运动时段的运动员可以从他们的训练计划中纳入速度耐力训练中受益。
