Parra J, Cadefau J A, Rodas G, Amigó N, Cussó R
Departament of Physiological Sciences I, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Acta Physiol Scand. 2000 Jun;169(2):157-65. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00730.x.
The effect of the distribution of rest periods on the efficacy of interval sprint training is analysed. Ten male subjects, divided at random into two groups, performed distinct incremental sprint training protocols, in which the muscle load was the same (14 sessions), but the distribution of rest periods was varied. The 'short programme' group (SP) trained every day for 2 weeks, while the 'long programme' group (LP) trained over a 6-week period with a 2-day rest period following each training session. The volunteers performed a 30-s supramaximal cycling test on a cycle ergometer before and after training. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after each test to examine metabolites and enzyme activities. Both training programmes led to a marked increase (all significant, P < 0.05) in enzymatic activities related to glycolysis (phosphofructokinase - SP 107%, LP 68% and aldolase - SP 46%, LP 28%) and aerobic metabolism (citrate synthase - SP 38%, LP 28.4% and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase - SP 60%, LP 38.7%). However, the activity of creatine kinase (44%), pyruvate kinase (35%) and lactate dehydrogenase (45%) rose significantly (P < 0.05) only in SP. At the end of the training programme, SP had suffered a significant decrease in anaerobic ATP consumption per gram muscle (P < 0.05) and glycogen degradation (P < 0.05) during the post-training test, and failed to improve performance. In contrast, LP showed a marked improvement in performance (P < 0.05) although without a significant increase in anaerobic ATP consumption, glycolysis or glycogenolysis rate. These results indicate that high-intensity cycling training in 14 sessions improves enzyme activities of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism. These changes are affected by the distribution of rest periods, hence shorter rest periods produce larger increase in pyruvate kinase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. However, performance did not improve in a short training programme that did not include days for recovery, which suggests that muscle fibres suffer fatigue or injury.
分析了休息时间分布对间歇冲刺训练效果的影响。10名男性受试者随机分为两组，进行不同的递增冲刺训练方案，其中肌肉负荷相同（14次训练），但休息时间分布不同。“短期方案”组（SP）每天训练，持续2周，而“长期方案”组（LP）在6周内进行训练，每次训练后有2天休息时间。志愿者在训练前后在自行车测力计上进行30秒的超最大骑行测试。在每次测试前后从股外侧肌获取肌肉活检样本，以检查代谢物和酶活性。两种训练方案均导致与糖酵解相关的酶活性（磷酸果糖激酶 - SP增加107%，LP增加68%；醛缩酶 - SP增加46%，LP增加28%）以及有氧代谢相关的酶活性（柠檬酸合酶 - SP增加38%，LP增加28.4%；3-羟基酰基辅酶A脱氢酶 - SP增加60%，LP增加38.7%）显著增加（均具有显著性，P < 0.05）。然而，仅在SP组中，肌酸激酶（44%）、丙酮酸激酶（35%）和乳酸脱氢酶（45%）的活性显著升高（P < 0.05）。在训练方案结束时，SP组在训练后测试期间每克肌肉的无氧ATP消耗（P < 0.05）和糖原降解（P < 0.05）显著下降，且运动表现未得到改善。相比之下，LP组运动表现显著改善（P < 0.05），尽管无氧ATP消耗、糖酵解或糖原分解速率没有显著增加。这些结果表明，14次高强度骑行训练可提高无氧和有氧代谢的酶活性。这些变化受休息时间分布的影响，因此较短的休息时间会使丙酮酸激酶、肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶产生更大的增加。然而，在不包括恢复日的短期训练方案中运动表现并未改善，这表明肌肉纤维出现疲劳或损伤。
