Eng E, Blanchard L
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Int Q Community Health Educ. 1990 Jan 1;11(2):93-110. doi: 10.2190/W8MU-5H9X-PQW1-LV38.
Health education research and practice have found individuals' health decisions and behaviors to be related to their perceptions of need. It has also been found that physical, social, and political conditions generated by one's community can exert important influences on individuals' ability to act on the basis of need. It appears that conducting a needs assessment is a necessary component of program planning, but the information is not sufficient for designing sustainable interventions. An Action-Oriented Community Diagnosis procedure has been developed over several years to: 1) identify normative and comparative needs determined by service agencies as well as expressed and perceived needs experienced by clients; 2) assess community conditions contributing to collective competence as well as the barriers and gaps contributing to disease and illness; and 3) increase collective competence of communities and agencies to collaborate in defining problems and needs. One of the many health education projects that have conducted such a diagnosis has been selected to illustrate the features of the procedure, the rationale behind the methods and sequence of steps, how the methods can be operationalized, and the outcomes.
健康教育研究与实践发现，个人的健康决策和行为与其需求认知相关。研究还发现，个人所在社区的物理、社会和政治状况会对个人基于需求采取行动的能力产生重要影响。开展需求评估似乎是项目规划的必要组成部分，但这些信息不足以设计可持续的干预措施。经过数年发展，已形成一种以行动为导向的社区诊断程序，旨在：1）确定服务机构所确定的规范需求和比较需求，以及客户所表达的需求和感知到的需求；2）评估有助于集体能力的社区状况，以及导致疾病和患病的障碍与差距；3）提高社区和机构在界定问题和需求方面进行合作的集体能力。众多开展了此类诊断的健康教育项目之一被选来阐述该程序的特点、方法背后的原理和步骤顺序、方法如何实施以及结果。
