Long Jennifer L
Division of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010 Dec;18(6):521-5. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32833febf2.
Creating a neovocal fold or lamina propria by tissue engineering is a potential scheme for treating severe vocal fold scar. Although still investigational, multiple approaches have recently been described in tissue culture or animal models.
Proposed cell types for vocal fold application have been native vocal fold fibroblasts, autologous fibroblasts from nonlaryngeal tissues, and adult-derived stem cells. Scaffolds of interest include decellularized matrix, biological polymers, and synthetic or chemically modified biopolymers. Chemical, mechanical, and spatial signals have been applied, such as hepatocyte growth factor, cyclic stretch, and air interface. Cells, matrix, and signals are combined in an effort to replicate normal vocal fold tissue as closely as possible. Each of these components of vocal fold tissue engineering is discussed here.
Multiple tissue engineering approaches hold promise for reproducing functional vocal fold tissue. Scar prevention techniques have been the most successful. Modifying existing scar is more difficult and may necessitate complete scar excision and replacement with a three-dimensional neotissue. Functional assessment in vivo is essential to the ongoing evaluation of techniques.
通过组织工程创建新的声带或固有层是治疗严重声带瘢痕的一种潜在方案。尽管仍处于研究阶段，但最近在组织培养或动物模型中已描述了多种方法。
提议用于声带的细胞类型有天然声带成纤维细胞、来自非喉部组织的自体成纤维细胞以及成人来源的干细胞。感兴趣的支架包括脱细胞基质、生物聚合物以及合成或化学修饰的生物聚合物。已应用化学、机械和空间信号，如肝细胞生长因子、周期性拉伸和空气界面。细胞、基质和信号相结合，以尽可能紧密地复制正常声带组织。本文将讨论声带组织工程的这些组成部分。
多种组织工程方法有望再造功能性声带组织。瘢痕预防技术最为成功。改善现有瘢痕更困难，可能需要完全切除瘢痕并用三维新组织替代。体内功能评估对于持续评估技术至关重要。
