等级特权：和平时期的征兵与晚年成就
The Privileges of Rank: The Peacetime Draft and Later-life Attainment.
作者信息
Maclean Alair
机构信息
Washington State University Vancouver.
出版信息
Armed Forces Soc. 2008 Jul;34(4):682-713. doi: 10.1177/0095327X07310336.
This article examines the effects of peacetime cold war military service on the life course according to four potentially overlapping theories that state that military service (1) was a disruption, (2) was a positive turning point, (3) allowed veterans to accumulate advantage, and (4) was an agent of social reproduction. The article argues that the extent to which the effect of military service on veterans' lives corresponds with one or another of the preceding theories depends on historical shifts in three dimensions: conscription, conflict, and benefits. Military service during the peacetime draft era of the late 1950s had a neutral effect on the socioeconomic attainment of enlisted veterans. However, it had a positive effect on veterans who served as officers, which partly stemmed from status reproduction and selection. Yet net of pre-service and educational differences by rank, officers in this peacetime draft era were still able to accumulate advantage.
本文依据四种可能相互重叠的理论，探讨了和平时期冷战兵役对人生历程的影响。这些理论认为，兵役（1）是一种干扰，（2）是一个积极的转折点，（3）使退伍军人能够积累优势，（4）是社会再生产的一个因素。本文认为，兵役对退伍军人生活的影响在多大程度上符合上述某一种理论，取决于三个维度的历史转变：征兵、冲突和福利。20世纪50年代末和平时期征兵时代的兵役对入伍退伍军人的社会经济成就产生了中性影响。然而，它对担任军官的退伍军人有积极影响，这部分源于地位再生产和选拔。然而，剔除按军衔划分的服役前和教育差异后，这个和平时期征兵时代的军官仍能够积累优势。
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