Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Nov;92(5):1223-33. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29530. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
Prostate cancer incidence varies 60-fold globally, which suggests the roles of lifestyle and dietary factors in its cause. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the association between fish consumption and prostate cancer incidence and mortality has not been reported.
We conducted a meta-analysis of fish intake and prostate cancer by focusing on the incidence of prostate cancer and prostate cancer-specific mortality and included subgroup analyses based on race, fish type, method of fish preparation, and high-grade and high-stage cancer.
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (May 2009) for case-control and cohort studies that assessed fish intake and prostate cancer risk. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data.
There was no association between fish consumption and a significant reduction in prostate cancer incidence [12 case-control studies (n = 5777 cases and 9805 control subjects), odds ratio (OR): 0.85; 95% CI: 0.72, 1.00; and 12 cohort studies (n = 445,820), relative risk (RR): 1.01; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.14]. It was not possible to perform a meta-analysis for high-grade disease (one case-control study, OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.58, 3.03), locally advanced disease (one cohort study, RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.13), or metastatic disease (one cohort study, RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.86). There was an association between fish consumption and a significant 63% reduction in prostate cancer-specific mortality [4 cohort studies (n = 49,661), RR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.74].
Our analyses provide no strong evidence of a protective association of fish consumption with prostate cancer incidence but showed a significant 63% reduction in prostate cancer-specific mortality.
前列腺癌的发病率在全球范围内差异高达 60 倍，这表明生活方式和饮食因素在其发病机制中起作用。据我们所知，目前还没有关于鱼类摄入量与前列腺癌发病率和死亡率之间关系的综合评估。
我们通过关注前列腺癌的发病率和前列腺癌特异性死亡率，对鱼类摄入量与前列腺癌的关系进行了荟萃分析，并根据种族、鱼类类型、鱼类制备方法以及高级别和高级别癌症进行了亚组分析。
我们检索了 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 数据库（2009 年 5 月），以评估评估鱼类摄入量与前列腺癌风险的病例对照和队列研究。两位作者独立评估了合格性并提取了数据。
鱼类摄入量与前列腺癌发病率显著降低之间没有关联[12 项病例对照研究（n = 5777 例病例和 9805 例对照），优势比（OR）：0.85；95%置信区间（CI）：0.72，1.00；和 12 项队列研究（n = 445820），相对风险（RR）：1.01；95%CI：0.90，1.14]。对于高级别疾病（一项病例对照研究，OR：1.44；95%CI：0.58，3.03）、局部晚期疾病（一项队列研究，RR：0.80；95%CI：0.61，1.13）或转移性疾病（一项队列研究，RR：0.56；95%CI：0.37，0.86），无法进行荟萃分析。鱼类摄入量与前列腺癌特异性死亡率显著降低 63%之间存在关联[4 项队列研究（n = 49661），RR：0.37；95%CI：0.18，0.74]。
我们的分析没有提供鱼类摄入量与前列腺癌发病率之间存在保护关联的有力证据，但表明前列腺癌特异性死亡率显著降低了 63%。
