Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain.
Brain Cogn. 2010 Dec;74(3):298-305. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.08.009. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
A reduction in congruency effects under working memory (WM) load has been previously described using different attentional paradigms (e.g., Kim, Kim, & Chun, 2005; Smilek, Enns, Eastwood, & Merikle, 2006). One hypothesis is that different types of WM load have different effects on attentional selection, depending on whether a specific memory load demands resources in common with target or distractor processing. In particular, if information in WM is related to the distractors in the selective attention task, there is a reduction in distraction (Kim et al., 2005). However, although previous results seem to point to a decrease in interference under high WM load conditions (Kim et al., 2005), the lack of a neutral baseline for the congruency effects makes it difficult to differentiate between a decrease in interference or in facilitation. In the present work we included neutral trials in the task introduced by Kim et al. (2005) and tested normal participants and traumatic brain injury patients. Results support a reduction in the processing of distractors under WM load, at least for incongruent trials in both groups. Theoretical as well as applied implications are discussed.
先前使用不同的注意范式（例如，Kim、Kim 和 Chun，2005；Smilek、Enns、Eastwood 和 Merikle，2006）描述了工作记忆（WM）负载下一致性效应的减少。一种假设是，不同类型的 WM 负载对注意选择有不同的影响，这取决于特定的记忆负载是否与目标或干扰物处理需要共同的资源。具体来说，如果 WM 中的信息与选择性注意任务中的干扰物有关，则干扰物会减少（Kim 等人，2005）。然而，尽管先前的结果似乎表明在高 WM 负载条件下干扰会减少（Kim 等人，2005），但一致性效应缺乏中性基线使得难以区分干扰的减少或促进。在本工作中，我们在 Kim 等人（2005）引入的任务中包括了中性试验，并测试了正常参与者和创伤性脑损伤患者。结果支持在 WM 负载下对干扰物的处理减少，至少对于两组的不一致试验都是如此。讨论了理论和应用方面的影响。
