MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Sep 17;59(36):1171-7.
Since 1994, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) has been collecting data to monitor childhood immunization coverage. This report describes the 2009 NIS coverage estimates for children born during January 2006--July 2008 and focuses on the more recently recommended vaccines (i.e., hepatitis B [HepB] vaccine birth dose, hepatitis A vaccine [HepA], pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV], and rotavirus vaccine) for children aged 19--35 months. The most recent NIS data indicate that vaccination coverage increased in 2009 compared with 2008 for HepB birth dose (from 55.3% to 60.8%) and HepA (from 40.4% to 46.6%), but coverage for PCV (≥4 doses) remained stable (80.4%). Full coverage for rotavirus vaccine was 43.9% among children born within 2 years of licensure. Coverage for poliovirus (92.8%), measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) (90.0%), hepatitis B (HepB) (92.4%), and varicella (VAR) (89.6%) vaccines continued to be at or near the national health objective of 90%, although coverage for MMR and HepB vaccines decreased slightly in 2009. The percentage of children who have not received any vaccines remained low (<1%). Parents and primary-care providers continued to ensure that children were vaccinated, in spite of interim recommendations to suspend the booster dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) because of a national shortage, and heightened public awareness of controversies in vaccine safety.
自 1994 年以来，国家免疫调查（NIS）一直在收集数据以监测儿童免疫接种覆盖率。本报告描述了 2009 年 NIS 对 2006 年 1 月至 2008 年 7 月期间出生的儿童的覆盖估计数，并重点介绍了最近推荐的疫苗（即乙型肝炎[HepB]疫苗出生剂量、甲型肝炎疫苗[HepA]、肺炎球菌结合疫苗[PCV]和轮状病毒疫苗）适用于 19-35 个月龄的儿童。最新的 NIS 数据表明，与 2008 年相比，2009 年 HepB 出生剂量（从 55.3%增至 60.8%）和 HepA（从 40.4%增至 46.6%）的接种率有所提高，但 PCV（≥4 剂）的覆盖率保持稳定（80.4%）。在许可后 2 年内出生的儿童中，轮状病毒疫苗的完全覆盖率为 43.9%。脊灰病毒（92.8%）、麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）（90.0%）、乙型肝炎（HepB）（92.4%）和水痘（VAR）（89.6%）疫苗的覆盖率仍保持在或接近国家 90%的健康目标，尽管 MMR 和 HepB 疫苗的覆盖率在 2009 年略有下降。未接种任何疫苗的儿童比例仍然很低（<1%）。尽管临时建议暂停因全国短缺而暂停使用乙型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）疫苗的加强剂量，以及公众对疫苗安全性的争议意识增强，但家长和初级保健提供者仍继续确保儿童接种疫苗。
