MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Sep 15;55(36):988-93.
The National Immunization Survey (NIS) provides vaccination coverage estimates among children aged 19-35 months for each of the 50 states and selected urban areas. Findings from the 2005 NIS include nationwide increases in coverage with >/=3 and >/=4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and continued high levels of coverage for the other recommended vaccines and vaccine series. In addition, no racial/ethnic disparities in coverage estimates were observed in the 4:3:1:3:3:1 vaccine series, the recommended series for children aged 19-35 months that includes DTP/DT/DTaP; poliovirus vaccine; measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; hepatitis B vaccine; and varicella vaccine. An important accomplishment indicated by the 2005 NIS data is the achievement of <50% coverage for the full series of PCV (>/=4 doses) and <80% coverage for >/=3 doses within 5 years after being added to the U.S.-recommended childhood immunization schedule in 2000. This occurred despite shortages of this vaccine during 2001-2004, which might have affected accessibility to PCV.
国家免疫调查(NIS)提供了美国50个州及部分城市地区19至35个月龄儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率估计数据。2005年NIS的调查结果显示,全国范围内接种≥3剂和≥4剂肺炎球菌结合疫苗(PCV)的覆盖率有所上升,其他推荐疫苗及疫苗系列的接种覆盖率持续保持在较高水平。此外,对于19至35个月龄儿童推荐的4:3:1:3:3:1疫苗系列(包括百白破/无细胞百白破疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、麻疹腮腺炎风疹疫苗(MMR)、b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、乙肝疫苗和水痘疫苗),未观察到覆盖率估计方面的种族/民族差异。2005年NIS数据表明的一项重要成果是,在2000年被纳入美国推荐的儿童免疫接种计划后的5年内,PCV全程系列(≥4剂)的覆盖率达到了<50%,≥3剂的覆盖率达到了<80%。尽管在2001 - 2004年期间该疫苗短缺,这可能影响了PCV的可及性,但仍实现了上述覆盖率。