Munasinghe M Nalaka, Stephen Craig, Abeynayake Preeni, Abeygunawardena Indra S
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka.
Vet Med Int. 2010 Aug 12;2010:679130. doi: 10.4061/2010/679130.
Shrimp farming has great potential to diversify and secure income in rural Sri Lanka, but production has significantly declined in recent years due to civil conflicts, some unsustainable practices and devastating outbreaks of disease. We examined management practices affecting disease prevention and control in the Puttalam district to identify extension services outputs that could support sustainable development of Sri Lankan shrimp farming. A survey on 621 shrimp farms (603 operational and 18 nonoperational) was conducted within the Puttalam district over 42 weeks comprising a series of three-day field visits from August 2008 to October 2009, covering two consecutive shrimp crops. Fundamental deficits in disease control, management, and biosecurity practices were found. Farmers had knowledge of biosecurity but the lack of financial resources was a major impediment to improved disease control. Smallholder farmers were disproportionately constrained in their ability to enact basic biosecurity practices due to their economic status. Basic breaches in biosecurity will keep disease as the rate limiting step in this industry. Plans to support this industry must recognize the socioeconomic reality of rural Sri Lankan aquaculture.
在斯里兰卡农村地区，对虾养殖在实现收入多样化和保障收入方面具有巨大潜力，但近年来，由于内战、一些不可持续的养殖方式以及毁灭性的疾病爆发，对虾产量大幅下降。我们研究了普塔勒姆地区影响疾病预防和控制的管理措施，以确定能够支持斯里兰卡对虾养殖业可持续发展的推广服务成果。在2008年8月至2009年10月期间，对普塔勒姆地区的621个对虾养殖场（603个仍在运营，18个已停止运营）进行了为期42周的调查，包括一系列为期三天的实地考察，涵盖了连续两季的对虾养殖。研究发现，在疾病控制、管理和生物安全措施方面存在根本性缺陷。养殖户了解生物安全知识，但缺乏资金是加强疾病控制的主要障碍。由于经济状况，小农户在实施基本生物安全措施方面受到的限制尤为严重。生物安全方面的基本漏洞将使疾病继续成为该行业的限制因素。支持该行业的计划必须认识到斯里兰卡农村水产养殖业的社会经济现实。
