National Federation of Dairy Co-operative Associations, Tokyo, Japan.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2010 Nov;51(5):570-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02937.x. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
To quantitatively analyse the faecal bacterial communities of Holstein calves and track their succession up to 12 weeks of age.
Faecal samples obtained from four female Holstein calves were analysed by the RNA-based, sequence-specific rRNA cleavage method. Twelve scissor probes covering major rumen bacterial groups were used, detecting c. 60-90% of the total 16S rRNAs. At 1 week of age, 16S rRNAs from members of the Bacteroides-Prevotella group (40·0% of the total 16S rRNAs), Faecalibacterium (21·7%), the Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale group (16·7%) and the Atopobium cluster (10·9%) were detected at high levels. Throughout the 12-week period, rRNAs of the Bacteroides-Prevotella and the Cl. coccoides-Eu. rectale groups constituted the major fraction of microbiota (c. 50-70% of the total). The relative abundances of the Atopobium cluster, Faecalibacterium, and some probiotic bacteria (such as those of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) decreased as the animal aged. Instead, an uncultivated rumen bacterial group, as well as Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter emerged at the detectable levels (1-2%) in the faeces sampled at a postweaning age. In addition, certain bacterial groups that were not covered by the probe suite increased as the animals aged.
Young calves undergo dynamic changes in their intestinal bacterial community during the first 12 weeks of life. As young ruminants undergo metabolic and physiological development in their digestive tracts in the transition from a monogastric to a ruminant animal at an early age, the intestinal bacterial community may reflect such development.
The succession of the bacterial communities in the faeces of calves was quantitatively monitored in the present study for the first time. The approach used here was demonstrated to be a useful means for determining the populations of predominant faecal bacterial groups in a variety of calf experiments in response to diet, stress and disease.
定量分析荷斯坦犊牛粪便中的细菌群落，并跟踪其在 12 周龄内的演替过程。
使用基于 RNA 的序列特异性 rRNA 切割方法分析来自 4 头雌性荷斯坦犊牛的粪便样本。使用 12 个剪刀探针覆盖主要瘤胃细菌群，检测总 16S rRNA 的 c. 60-90%。在 1 周龄时，高水平检测到拟杆菌-普雷沃氏菌组（占总 16S rRNA 的 40.0%）、粪杆菌（21.7%）、梭菌-真杆菌组（16.7%）和双歧杆菌（10.9%）的 16S rRNA。在整个 12 周期间，拟杆菌-普雷沃氏菌和梭菌-真杆菌组的 rRNA 构成了微生物群的主要部分（占总 rRNA 的 50-70%）。双歧杆菌、某些益生菌（如乳杆菌属和双歧杆菌属）和双歧杆菌属的相对丰度随着动物年龄的增长而降低。相反，在断奶后的粪便样本中，未被探针套件覆盖的一种未培养的瘤胃细菌群以及黄色瘤胃球菌和纤维杆菌以可检测的水平（1-2%）出现。此外，随着动物年龄的增长，某些未被探针套件覆盖的细菌群也增加了。
在生命的前 12 周，幼犊的肠道细菌群落经历了动态变化。由于年轻反刍动物在早期从单胃动物向反刍动物的消化道代谢和生理发育，肠道细菌群落可能反映了这种发育。
本研究首次定量监测了犊牛粪便中细菌群落的演替。这里使用的方法被证明是一种有用的手段，可用于确定各种犊牛实验中主要粪便细菌群的种群，以应对饮食、压力和疾病的影响。
