Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2011 Jan 15;54(2):1324-35. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.012. Epub 2010 Sep 19.
The insula plays a key role in brain processing of noxious and innocuous thermal stimuli. The anterior and the posterior portions of the insular cortex are involved in different ways in nociceptive and thermoceptive processing. Therefore, their stimulus-specific functional connectivity may also differ. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the activity and functional connectivity of insular cortex subregions during noxious and innocuous thermal stimulation. In 11 healthy subjects, psychophysically controlled noxious and innocuous warm and cold stimuli were applied to the left forearm. To differentiate between the subregions of the insular cortex involved in pain processing and those involved in temperature processing, a 2×2 factorial fMRI analysis was performed. Pain processing insular areas (main effect of pain) were detected in bilateral aINS and contralateral pINS. Temperature processing insular areas (main effect of temperature) were also found in bilateral aINS and contralateral pINS. The individual signal time courses from the pain- and temperature processing insular activation clusters were used for calculation and comparison of stimulus-specific functional connectivity of aINS and pINS by means of a correlation analysis. As expected, both aINS and pINS were functionally connected to a large brain network - which predominantly includes areas involved in nociception and thermoception: primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and parietal association cortices (PA). When statistically compared, during both noxious and innocuous stimulation, aINS was more strongly connected to PFC and to ACC than was pINS; pINS meanwhile was more strongly connected to S1 and to the primary motor cortex (M1). Interestingly, S2 was more strongly connected to aINS than to pINS during painful stimulation but not during innocuous thermal stimulation. We conclude that aINS is more strongly functionally connected to areas known for affective and cognitive processing, whereas pINS is more strongly connected with areas known for sensory-discriminative processing of noxious and somatosensory stimuli.
岛叶在有害和无害热刺激的大脑处理中起着关键作用。岛叶皮质的前、后部以不同的方式参与伤害性和温度感受处理。因此，它们的刺激特异性功能连接也可能不同。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究了有害和无害热刺激期间岛叶皮层亚区的活动和功能连接。在 11 名健康受试者中，使用心理生理学控制的有害和无害温冷刺激施加于左前臂。为了区分参与疼痛处理的岛叶皮质亚区和参与温度处理的岛叶皮质亚区，进行了 2×2 因子 fMRI 分析。双侧 aINS 和对侧 pINS 中检测到疼痛处理岛叶区（疼痛的主要效应）。双侧 aINS 和对侧 pINS 中也发现了温度处理岛叶区（温度的主要效应）。个体信号时间历程来自疼痛和温度处理岛叶激活簇，用于通过相关分析计算和比较 aINS 和 pINS 的刺激特异性功能连接。正如预期的那样，aINS 和 pINS 都与一个大的大脑网络功能连接 - 主要包括涉及伤害感受和温度感受的区域：初级（S1）和次级（S2）体感皮层、扣带回、前额叶皮层（PFC）和顶叶联合皮层（PA）。当进行统计学比较时，在有害和无害刺激期间，aINS 与 PFC 和 ACC 的连接比 pINS 更强；pINS 同时与 S1 和初级运动皮层（M1）的连接更强。有趣的是，在疼痛刺激期间，S2 与 aINS 的连接比与 pINS 的连接更强，但在无害的热刺激期间则没有。我们的结论是，aINS 与已知的情感和认知处理区域的功能连接更强，而 pINS 与已知的伤害性和体感刺激的感觉 - 辨别处理区域的功能连接更强。
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