Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2012 Mar;95 Suppl:S188-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.08.017. Epub 2010 Sep 19.
On the Mediterranean island of Mallorca, the use of secondary-treated municipal wastewater in irrigation was introduced with the construction of the first wastewater treatment plants in the 1970s. In this study, the chemical properties and biological activity of 21 arable soils, irrigated for more than 20 years with secondary-treated wastewater, were tested in order to assess their quality. Soil quality was evaluated by measuring cation exchange capacity, pH, calcium carbonate equivalent, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, water-soluble organic carbon, soil microbial biomass, soil basal respiration, and the activities of the enzymes dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase. No negative effects of the irrigation treatment were observed on the measured soil parameters. Indeed, soil water-soluble organic carbon, soil microbial biomass and β-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase activities increased under treated wastewater irrigation. Biological activity of soils irrigated with treated wastewater was affected mainly by soil organic matter content. Although the typical crop management of alfalfa, and other forage crops associated with treated wastewater irrigation, may have contributed to the increase of these parameters, the results suggest that irrigation with treated wastewater is a strategy with many benefits to agricultural land management.
在地中海马略卡岛上，自 20 世纪 70 年代建造第一批废水处理厂以来，便开始使用二级处理的城市废水进行灌溉。在这项研究中，为了评估其质量，对 21 个耕种了二十多年二级处理废水的耕地土壤的化学性质和生物活性进行了测试。通过测量阳离子交换能力、pH 值、碳酸钙当量、土壤有机质、总氮、有效磷、水溶性有机碳、土壤微生物生物量、土壤基础呼吸以及脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性来评估土壤质量。灌溉处理对测量的土壤参数没有产生负面影响。实际上，土壤水溶性有机碳、土壤微生物生物量以及β-葡萄糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性在经过处理的废水灌溉下增加了。受处理废水灌溉的土壤的生物活性主要受土壤有机质含量的影响。尽管典型的作物管理（包括与处理后的废水灌溉相关的紫花苜蓿和其他饲料作物）可能导致了这些参数的增加，但结果表明，用处理后的废水进行灌溉是一种对农业土地管理有诸多益处的策略。
