巴西圣保罗青少年的食物摄入量和用餐模式。
Food intake and meal patterns of adolescents, São Paulo, Brazil.
作者信息
Leal Greisse Viero da Silva, Philippi Sonia Tucunduva, Matsudo Sandra Marcela Mahecha, Toassa Erika Christiane
机构信息
Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
出版信息
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2010 Sep;13(3):457-67. doi: 10.1590/s1415-790x2010000300009.
OBJECTIVE
To assess food intake and meal patterns in adolescents, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 228 adolescents from a public school, SP, Brazil.
METHODS
Total energy, macronutrients, calcium, iron, and vitamin A intakes were evaluated. The food pattern was compared with the eating patterns established by the Food Pyramid for adolescents. Meal frequency was assessed to identify meal skipping. Descriptive statistics and Chi Square were used.
RESULTS
Mean energy intake was lower than estimated for 66% adolescents, carbohydrate intake was lower than estimated for 50% adolescents, fat intake was higher than estimated for 50% of adolescents, and protein intake was above the recommendation for 40% of adolescents. Among adolescents studied, 21% skipped breakfast and one third of them had snacks instead of lunch or dinner.
CONCLUSION
The diet of adolescents had insufficient energy intake and deficient intake of fruits and vegetables. Meal patterns were satisfactory, but breakfast should be encouraged.
目的
为评估青少年的食物摄入量和饮食模式，对来自巴西圣保罗一所公立学校的228名青少年进行了一项横断面研究。
方法
评估了总能量、宏量营养素、钙、铁和维生素A的摄入量。将食物模式与青少年食物金字塔所确立的饮食模式进行了比较。评估进餐频率以确定是否跳过进餐。采用了描述性统计和卡方检验。
结果
66%的青少年平均能量摄入量低于估计值，50%的青少年碳水化合物摄入量低于估计值，50%的青少年脂肪摄入量高于估计值，40%的青少年蛋白质摄入量高于推荐量。在研究的青少年中，21%的人不吃早餐，其中三分之一的人用零食代替午餐或晚餐。
结论
青少年的饮食能量摄入不足，水果和蔬菜摄入量缺乏。饮食模式令人满意，但应鼓励吃早餐。
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