Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo, Luiz Ronir Raggio, Monteiro Luana Silva, Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves, Gonçalves-Silva Regina Maria Veras, Pereira Rosangela Alves
Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2017 Oct;42:114-120.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Meal consumption and diet quality are important for healthy development during adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine the association between meal habits and diet quality in Brazilian adolescents.
A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2008 with a probabilistic sample of adolescents ages 14 to 19 y (N = 1139) from high schools in central-western Brazil. Consumption of breakfast, morning snack, lunch, afternoon snack, and dinner was assessed to evaluate adolescents' meal profile. The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) was calculated to evaluate diet quality. The association between meal profile and BHEI-R (global estimates and components) was assessed using multivariate linear regression models.
Diet was characterized by unhealthy eating: a low consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk/dairy, and a high consumption of fats and sodium. An unsatisfactory meal profile was observed in 14% of adolescents, whereas daily consumption of breakfast, lunch, and dinner was reported by 47%, 78%, and 52% of adolescents, respectively. Meal profile was positively associated with diet quality. Daily consumption of breakfast was associated with higher BHEI-R scores, lower sodium intake, and greater consumption of fruits and milk/dairy. Daily consumption of lunch was associated with greater consumption of vegetables and "meats, eggs, and legumes," whereas consumption of dinner was associated with an increased consumption of "whole fruits."
This study showed a parallelism between daily consumption of meals with healthier eating and greater adherence to traditional Brazilian food habits. Skipping meals was associated with a low-quality diet, especially concerning to the low consumption of fruits and vegetables and a high intake of sodium and calories from solid fats, added sugars, and alcoholic beverages. Therefore, the adoption of regular meal habits may help adolescents improve their diet quality.
进餐情况和饮食质量对青少年的健康发育至关重要。本研究旨在确定巴西青少年的进餐习惯与饮食质量之间的关联。
2008年开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究，对巴西中西部高中14至19岁的青少年进行概率抽样（N = 1139）。评估早餐、上午零食、午餐、下午零食和晚餐的摄入量，以评估青少年的进餐情况。计算巴西健康饮食指数修订版（BHEI-R）以评估饮食质量。使用多元线性回归模型评估进餐情况与BHEI-R（总体估计值和组成部分）之间的关联。
饮食的特点是不健康饮食：水果、蔬菜和牛奶/乳制品摄入量低，脂肪和钠摄入量高。14%的青少年进餐情况不理想，而分别有47%、78%和52%的青少年报告每天吃早餐、午餐和晚餐。进餐情况与饮食质量呈正相关。每天吃早餐与更高的BHEI-R得分、更低的钠摄入量以及更多的水果和牛奶/乳制品摄入量相关。每天吃午餐与更多的蔬菜和“肉类、蛋类和豆类”摄入量相关，而吃晚餐与“完整水果”摄入量增加相关。
本研究表明，日常饮食健康与更严格遵循巴西传统饮食习惯之间存在平行关系。不吃正餐与低质量饮食相关，尤其是水果和蔬菜摄入量低，以及来自固体脂肪、添加糖和酒精饮料的钠和卡路里摄入量高。因此，养成规律的进餐习惯可能有助于青少年提高饮食质量。
