Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2010 Aug;103(4):1039-50. doi: 10.1603/ec10037.
The parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman (Acari: Varroidae) is arguably the most detrimental pest of the European-derived honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Unfortunately, beekeepers lack a standardized sampling plan to make informed treatment decisions. Based on data from 31 commercial apiaries, we developed sampling plans for use by beekeepers and researchers to estimate the density of mites in individual colonies or whole apiaries. Beekeepers can estimate a colony's mite density with chosen level of precision by dislodging mites from approximately to 300 adult bees taken from one brood box frame in the colony, and they can extrapolate to mite density on a colony's adults and pupae combined by doubling the number of mites on adults. For sampling whole apiaries, beekeepers can repeat the process in each of n = 8 colonies, regardless of apiary size. Researchers desiring greater precision can estimate mite density in an individual colony by examining three, 300-bee sample units. Extrapolation to density on adults and pupae may require independent estimates of numbers of adults, of pupae, and of their respective mite densities. Researchers can estimate apiary-level mite density by taking one 300-bee sample unit per colony, but should do so from a variable number of colonies, depending on apiary size. These practical sampling plans will allow beekeepers and researchers to quantify mite infestation levels and enhance understanding and management of V. destructor.
寄生螨瓦螨（Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman）（节肢动物门：蜱螨目：瓦螨科）可以说是对欧洲蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）危害最大的害虫。不幸的是，养蜂人缺乏标准化的抽样计划来做出明智的治疗决策。基于来自 31 个商业蜂场的数据，我们为养蜂人和研究人员制定了抽样计划，以估计单个蜂群或整个蜂场中螨虫的密度。养蜂人可以通过从蜂群中的一个巢框中取出大约 300 只成年蜜蜂，将螨虫从蜜蜂上抖落下来，来估计蜂群的螨虫密度，并可以通过将成年蜜蜂上的螨虫数量加倍来推断出成虫和蛹的螨虫密度。对于整个蜂场的抽样，养蜂人可以在 n = 8 个蜂群中的每个蜂群中重复该过程，无论蜂场的大小如何。养蜂人可以通过检查三个 300 只蜜蜂的样本单元来提高单个蜂群中螨虫密度的估计精度。对成虫和蛹密度的推断可能需要独立估计成虫、蛹及其各自的螨虫密度。研究人员可以通过对每个蜂群取一个 300 只蜜蜂的样本单元来估计蜂场水平的螨虫密度，但应根据蜂场的大小，从不同数量的蜂群中进行抽样。这些实用的抽样计划将使养蜂人和研究人员能够量化螨虫的侵染水平，并增强对 V. destructor 的理解和管理。
