Kanga Lambert Houssou Ble, Jones Walker A, James Rosalind R
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Research Unit, 2413 E. Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2003 Aug;96(4):1091-9. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493-96.4.1091.
The potential for Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) to control the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) in honey bee colonies was evaluated in field trials against the miticide, tau-fluvalinate (Apistan). Peak mortality of V. destructor occurred 3-4 d after the conidia were applied; however, the mites were still infected 42 d posttreatments. Two application methods were tested: dusts and strips coated with the fungal conidia, and both methods resulted in successful control of mite populations. The fungal treatments were as effective as the Apistan, at the end of the 42-d period of the experiment. The data suggested that optimum mite control could be achieved when no brood is being produced, or when brood production is low, such as in the early spring or late fall. M. anisopliae was harmless to the honey bees (adult bees, or brood) and colony development was not affected. Mite mortality was highly correlated with mycosis in dead mites collected from sticky traps, indicating that the fungus was infecting and killing the mites. Because workers and drones drift between hives, the adult bees were able to spread the fungus between honey bee colonies in the apiary, a situation that could be beneficial to beekeepers.
在田间试验中，针对杀螨剂氟氯苯菊酯（Apistan），评估了绿僵菌（Metschinkoff）控制蜜蜂蜂群中寄生螨狄斯瓦螨（Anderson和Trueman）的潜力。在施用分生孢子后3 - 4天，狄斯瓦螨出现最高死亡率；然而，处理后42天螨虫仍受感染。测试了两种施用方法：用真菌分生孢子包衣的粉剂和条带，两种方法都成功控制了螨虫数量。在42天的试验期结束时，真菌处理与Apistan的效果一样好。数据表明，在不产子或产子量低时，如早春或晚秋，能实现对螨虫的最佳控制。绿僵菌对蜜蜂（成年蜜蜂或幼虫）无害，且不影响蜂群发展。从粘虫板收集的死螨中，螨虫死亡率与真菌病高度相关，表明真菌正在感染并杀死螨虫。由于工蜂和雄蜂会在蜂箱间漂移，成年蜜蜂能够在养蜂场的蜜蜂蜂群间传播真菌，这种情况对养蜂人可能有益。
