Dorsch R G, Häusler G, Herrmann J M
Appl Opt. 1994 Mar 1;33(7):1306-14. doi: 10.1364/AO.33.001306.
We discuss the uncertainty limit in distance sensing by laser triangulation. The uncertainty in distance measurement of laser triangulation sensors and other coherent sensors is limited by speckle noise. Speckle arises because of the coherent illumination in combination with rough surfaces. A minimum limit on the distance uncertainty is derived through speckle statistics. This uncertainty is a function of wavelength, observation aperture, and speckle contrast in the spot image. Surprisingly, it is the same distance uncertainty that we obtained from a single-photon experiment and from Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Experiments confirm the theory. An uncertainty principle connecting lateral resolution and distance uncertainty is introduced. Design criteria for a sensor with minimum distanc uncertainty are determined: small temporal coherence, small spatial coherence, a large observation aperture.
我们讨论了激光三角测量法在距离传感中的不确定性极限。激光三角测量传感器及其他相干传感器在距离测量中的不确定性受散斑噪声限制。散斑是由相干照明与粗糙表面共同作用产生的。通过散斑统计得出了距离不确定性的最小极限。这种不确定性是波长、观测孔径以及光斑图像中散斑对比度的函数。令人惊讶的是，这与我们从单光子实验和海森堡不确定性原理中得到的距离不确定性相同。实验证实了该理论。引入了一个将横向分辨率与距离不确定性联系起来的不确定性原理。确定了具有最小距离不确定性的传感器的设计标准：小时间相干性、小空间相干性、大观测孔径。
