Directorate of Learning Disability Services, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, United Kingdom.
Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Jan-Feb;32(1):37-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.08.008. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
Previous studies have shown that people with mild intellectual disabilities have difficulty in 'weighing-up' information, defined as integrating information from two different sources for the purpose of reaching a decision. This was demonstrated in two very different procedures, temporal discounting and a scenario-based financial decision-making task. In the present study, both tasks were presented to 24 participants who attended day services for people with learning disabilities (mean Full-Scale IQ = 59.8), half of whom were trained to use a visual aid to support decision-making. Performance of control participants did not change over repeated testing, but use of the visual aid substantially improved the quality of decision-making on both tasks: temporal discounting performance became more orderly, and participants were able to provide more information to justify their decisions in the financial decision-making task. The visual aid also substantially improved participants' ability to justify decisions they made about their own lives. We suggest that, while the visual aid was designed and evaluated as a means of increasing the quality of reasoning that supports a decision, it may also have potential as an aid to therapeutic interventions aimed at encouraging wiser decision-making.
先前的研究表明，轻度智力障碍者在“权衡”信息方面存在困难，这被定义为整合来自两个不同来源的信息以做出决策。这在两种非常不同的程序中得到了证明，即时间折扣和基于场景的财务决策任务。在本研究中，24 名参加学习障碍者日间服务的参与者接受了这两个任务（平均全量表智商=59.8），其中一半参与者接受了使用视觉辅助工具来支持决策的培训。对照组参与者的表现不会随着重复测试而改变，但使用视觉辅助工具大大提高了这两个任务的决策质量：时间折扣表现变得更加有序，参与者能够提供更多信息来证明他们在财务决策任务中的决策是合理的。视觉辅助工具还大大提高了参与者对自己生活中所做决策的合理性的能力。我们认为，虽然视觉辅助工具是作为一种提高支持决策的推理质量的手段而设计和评估的，但它也可能作为一种辅助治疗干预的工具，旨在鼓励更明智的决策。
