School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2010 Dec;48(12):1211-20. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.08.005. Epub 2010 Sep 21.
Suicide is the leading cause of premature death among individuals experiencing psychosis. The risk of suicide is proposed to increase with a greater potential for activation of suicide related schemas. Empirical representations of suicide schemas were compared between individuals experiencing non-affective psychosis, with and without a history of suicidal behaviour. Employing a cross-sectional between-groups comparison design, 84 participants, previously diagnosed with a non-affective psychotic disorder, were recruited from community mental health services. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and clinical measures of psychopathology. To assess participants' suicide schemas, a series of direct and indirect cognitive tasks were designed and administered. Pathfinder analysis enabled the construction of empirically derived representations of the groups' suicide schemas based on responses to the cognitive tasks. The suicide group achieved significantly greater scores on measures of anxiety, depression, hopelessness and suicidality than the non-suicide group, but not on measures indicative of the severity of psychosis. The suicide schema for the suicide group was more elaborate and extensive than for the non-suicide group, even when clinical measures were taken into account. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
自杀是精神病患者早逝的主要原因。自杀风险被认为随着与自杀相关模式的更大潜在激活而增加。在经历非情感性精神病且有或没有自杀行为史的个体之间，对自杀模式的实证表现进行了比较。采用横断面组间比较设计，从社区精神卫生服务中招募了 84 名以前被诊断为非情感性精神病障碍的参与者。参与者完成了人口统计学问卷和精神病理学的临床测量。为了评估参与者的自杀模式，设计并实施了一系列直接和间接的认知任务。探路者分析使根据对认知任务的反应构建基于经验的组自杀模式表示成为可能。自杀组在焦虑、抑郁、绝望和自杀性方面的得分明显高于非自杀组，但在提示精神病严重程度的测量上并非如此。即使考虑到临床测量，自杀组的自杀模式也比非自杀组更复杂和广泛。讨论了临床和理论意义。
