Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Impaired Driving Center, Calverton, Maryland, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2010 Oct;11(5):443-52. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2010.488274.
Are drivers arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI) most likely to be the drinking drivers who are involved in fatal and serious injury crashes? This study determined the drinking characteristics of drivers arrested for DWI or driving under the influence (DUI) and the proportion classified as problem drinkers and hardcore drinking drivers in two police jurisdictions. In addition to determining the drinking characteristics of DWI arrestees, the results were compared to the drinking characteristics of intoxicated drivers killed in traffic crashes.
Police officers gathered data at the time of arrest from 1027 drivers apprehended for DWI or DUI in the two communities on their alcohol consumption, their drinking-and-driving frequency, their self-reported alcohol problems, their place of drinking and types of drinks before the arrest, and their perceptions of impaired-driving enforcement intensity.
Data analyses indicated that 52 percent of the arrested DWI offenders were considered problem drinkers, 46 percent were repeat offenders, 57 percent were classified as hardcore drinking drivers, 51 percent were drinking at a bar or restaurant before their arrest, and 72 percent were drinking beer before their arrest.
Compared to highly intoxicated (blood alcohol concentration [BAC] ≥.15) drivers killed in traffic crashes, the high-BAC arrestees were substantially more likely to be problem drinkers and to report drinking and driving more often. The limited resources available for combating impaired driving should not be solely allocated to problem drinkers, hardcore drinkers, or repeat offenders because, at most, they constitute only about half of the impaired-driving problem in the United States. General deterrent strategies have the best chance of impacting the total population of at-risk drinking drivers.
因醉酒驾车（DWI）而被捕的司机是否最有可能是涉及致命和严重伤害事故的酒后驾车者？本研究旨在确定在两个警察管辖区因 DWI 或酒后驾车（DUI）被捕的司机的饮酒特征，以及被归类为问题饮酒者和重度饮酒者的比例。除了确定 DWI 被捕者的饮酒特征外，还将结果与因醉酒驾车而在交通事故中死亡的司机的饮酒特征进行比较。
警察在两个社区逮捕因 DWI 或 DUI 的 1027 名司机时，收集了他们的饮酒量、饮酒和驾车频率、自我报告的饮酒问题、被捕前的饮酒地点和饮酒类型以及对酒驾执法力度的看法等数据。
数据分析表明，52%的被捕 DWI 犯罪者被认为是问题饮酒者，46%是累犯，57%是重度饮酒者，51%在被捕前在酒吧或餐厅饮酒，72%在被捕前喝啤酒。
与因醉酒（血液酒精浓度 [BAC]≥.15）而在交通事故中死亡的司机相比，高 BAC 被捕者更有可能是问题饮酒者，并更频繁地报告饮酒和驾车。用于打击酒后驾车的有限资源不应仅分配给问题饮酒者、重度饮酒者或累犯，因为在美国，他们最多只构成酒后驾车问题的一半左右。一般威慑策略最有可能影响到所有有风险的饮酒司机群体。
