Country Manager for China, Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP), Regional Delegation for East Asia, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Beijing, China.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14(3):230-6. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.701785.
Because the official data in China on drink-driving accidents as well as related fatalities and injuries are much lower than many of the developed and developing countries in the world, the Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) decided to conduct a baseline survey to understand the prevalence of drink driving and related accidents in Nanning and Liuzhou, both in Guangxi Province, in order to develop targeted interventions.
The baseline survey included a roadside survey and an accident survey. Motor vehicle (including motorcycles) drivers were randomly stopped for a breath test and interview in the roadside survey. In the accident survey, all drivers involved in a road accident resulting in at least 1 person killed or seriously injured were requested to provide a blood sample.
A total of 10,685 drivers accepted the random breath test and 10,666 drivers were interviewed in the roadside survey. An examination of the raw (unweighted) breath alcohol readings reveals that of the 10,685 breath-tested drivers, 730 (6.8%) had positive blood alcohol concentrations (BACs); 245 of these drivers (2.3% of all drivers) had BACs below 20 mg/100 mL; 415 (3.9% of all drivers) were driving under the influence (DUI; 20 mg/100 mL-80 mg/100 mL); and 70 (0.7% of all drivers) were driving while intoxicated (DWI; ≥0.80 mg/100 mL). Overall, 4.6 percent of the drivers had BACs over 20 mg/100 mL (the lowest legal BAC limit in China). Among the 10,666 interviewed drivers, only 4.8 percent were aware of the lowest national BAC limit (20 mg/100 mL); 24.9 percent had been discouraged by other people from driving after drinking; 78 percent had never been stopped by the traffic police for a BAC check during the last 2 years (during 2005-2006), and only 0.3 percent had been punished for drink driving. The accident survey results revealed that an average of 34.1 percent of road accidents (Nanning: 25.7%; Liuzhou: 48%) were alcohol related; the mean BAC level of the drivers in the accidents was 156.7 mg/100 mL and the highest was 310 mg/100 mL.
Valuable information was obtained from the baseline survey to provide a better understanding of the drink driving situation in Nanning and Liuzhou. From the survey data it can be seen that drinking and driving was a major issue in both cities. A drink driving intervention was developed with both components of public education/social marketing and enforcement activities after the survey, which was conducted in 2008. However, this article will focus on the methodology and results of the baseline survey, not the activities and outcome of the intervention.
由于中国官方关于酒驾事故以及相关伤亡的数据远低于世界上许多发达国家和发展中国家，全球道路安全合作伙伴（GRSP）决定开展一项基线调查，以了解广西南宁市和柳州市的酒驾流行情况和相关事故，从而制定有针对性的干预措施。
基线调查包括路边调查和事故调查。在路边调查中，随机拦下机动车（包括摩托车）驾驶员进行呼气测试和访谈。在事故调查中，要求所有导致至少 1 人死亡或重伤的道路事故中的驾驶员提供血样。
共有 10685 名驾驶员接受了随机呼气测试，10666 名驾驶员接受了路边访谈。对原始（未经加权）呼气酒精读数的检查显示，在 10685 名接受呼气测试的驾驶员中，730 名（6.8%）驾驶员血液中的酒精浓度呈阳性；在这些接受呼气测试的驾驶员中，245 名（所有驾驶员的 2.3%）驾驶员血液中的酒精浓度低于 20mg/100ml；415 名（所有驾驶员的 3.9%）驾驶员处于酒后驾车状态（20mg/100ml-80mg/100ml）；70 名（所有驾驶员的 0.7%）驾驶员处于醉酒驾车状态（血液酒精浓度≥0.80mg/100ml）。总体而言，4.6%的驾驶员血液中的酒精浓度超过 20mg/100ml（中国最低法定血液酒精浓度限制）。在接受访谈的 10666 名驾驶员中，只有 4.8%的人知道国家最低血液酒精浓度限制（20mg/100ml）；24.9%的人曾因饮酒而被他人劝阻驾车；78%的人在过去 2 年（2005-2006 年）期间从未因血液酒精浓度检查而被交警拦下，只有 0.3%的人因酒驾被处罚。事故调查结果显示，平均 34.1%的道路事故（南宁市：25.7%；柳州市：48%）与酒精有关；事故中驾驶员的平均血液酒精浓度为 156.7mg/100ml，最高为 310mg/100ml。
从基线调查中获得了有价值的信息，更好地了解了南宁市和柳州市的酒驾情况。从调查数据可以看出，饮酒驾车在这两个城市都是一个主要问题。在调查后，我们制定了一项包括公众教育/社会营销和执法活动在内的酒驾干预措施，该措施于 2008 年实施。然而，本文将重点介绍基线调查的方法和结果，而不是干预措施的活动和结果。
