Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2010;22(4):330-9. doi: 10.3109/09540261.2010.505085.
Identity can be defined from different perspectives such as those from philosophy, social sciences and phenomenology. The latter entails sameness, uniqueness, distinctiveness, continuity, diversity, universality and equality connotations to define characteristics of the existence and action of individuals, institutions, entities, organizations and collectivities. In order to elaborate on the identity of Latin American Psychiatry, this chapter deals first with the identity of the Latin American continent, the result of a 'collision of cultures' with mestizaje as its most prominent collective contribution. In turn, the Latin American population (and its 'Hispanic' equivalent in other countries and regions of the world) has been the subject of a pluralistic search, and played a combined role of hope and conflict, advances and setbacks in a fascinating historical process. In such context, Latin American psychiatry offers a mixed identity, resulting from a succession of mythic-religious, moral, phenomenologico-existential, biological and social/community-based routes. Each of them are assessed, and the contributions of two eponymous figures, Honorio Delgado and Gregorio Bermann, are duly delineated. Current realities in Latin American psychiatry and mental health in socio-political, conceptual, professional, ideological, academic and heuristic areas, are examined. The chapter ends with considerations of the future of psychiatry in the continent, the postulation of a 'new synthesis' embracing the essence of contemporary neurobiological knowledge and a new, revitalized humanism in the context of a healthy eclecticism, progressive educational training and didactic programmes, and concrete contributions embodying the promise of well justified expectations.
身份可以从哲学、社会科学和现象学等不同视角来定义。后者包含了同一性、独特性、区别性、连续性、多样性、普遍性和平等性等内涵，用以定义个体、机构、实体、组织和集体的存在和行动特征。为了详细阐述拉丁美洲精神病学的身份，本章首先涉及拉丁美洲大陆的身份，这是“文化碰撞”的结果，其中最突出的集体贡献是混血性。反过来，拉丁美洲人口（以及世界其他国家和地区的“拉丁裔”）一直是多元探索的主题，在一个迷人的历史进程中，发挥了希望和冲突、进步和挫折的综合作用。在这种背景下，拉丁美洲精神病学呈现出一种混合身份，这是一系列神话宗教、道德、现象学存在主义、生物和社会/社区为基础的路径的结果。其中每一种都进行了评估，并适当勾勒出两位同名人物——Honorio Delgado 和 Gregorio Bermann 的贡献。本章还考察了拉丁美洲精神病学和社会政治、概念、专业、意识形态、学术和启发领域精神卫生方面的当前现实。最后，考虑了该大陆精神病学的未来，提出了一种“新综合”，在健康的折衷主义、渐进的教育培训和教学计划背景下，包含了当代神经生物学知识的本质和一种新的、复兴的人文主义，并体现了有充分理由的期望的具体贡献。
