Gottardini Elena, Cristofori Antonella, Cristofolini Fabiana, Bussotti Filippo, Ferretti Marco
IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach-Environment and Natural Resources Area, via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
J Environ Monit. 2010 Dec;12(12):2237-43. doi: 10.1039/c0em00299b. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
Specific visible foliar injuries were demonstrated to occur on plants of Viburnum lantana L. (wayfaring tree) when exposed to ozone in open-top chamber experiments. However, although evidence of visible injury was reported even for native plants, no comprehensive testing has been carried out under real field conditions. Thus, the extent to which V. lantana may match the requirements to be used as an in situ bioindicator is not fully known. To investigate the actual responsiveness of native V. lantana plants to ozone under field condition, two 1 × 1 km quadrates (named "Margone" and "Lasino"), for which the occurrence of different ozone levels was known, were considered. There, a fully randomized design was adopted to ensure within-quadrate replications and to select V. lantana plants. Measurements confirmed different exposure levels (Margone, Accumulated ozone concentrations Over a Threshold of 40 ppb h (AOT40): 31 952 ppb h; Lasino, AOT40: 23 259 ppb h). Ozone visible foliar symptoms (i) matched the known symptomatology, (ii) were easy to be identified, (iii) confirmed by microscopical validation, and (iv) observed at both quadrates. However, higher frequency of symptoms, earlier date of onset and faster development occurred at the quadrate with the highest ozone exposure (Margone), although not always proportionally with the difference in ozone exposure. This may be partly due to inherent covariation of environmental variables (higher ozone exposure occurred at the sites with higher relative humidity and cooler air temperature, a set of conditions that may promote ozone uptake), and partly due to a set of (unmeasured) other factors that may cause additional oxidative stress to plants. Implications for biomonitoring are discussed.
在开顶式气室实验中，当接收到臭氧时，欧洲荚蒾（绵毛荚蒾）植株上出现了特定的可见叶部损伤。然而，尽管甚至对于本地植物也有可见损伤的报道，但尚未在实际田间条件下进行全面测试。因此，欧洲荚蒾作为原位生物指示物的匹配程度尚未完全明确。为了研究田间条件下本地欧洲荚蒾植株对臭氧的实际响应，我们考虑了两个1×1平方千米的样方（分别命名为“Margone”和“Lasino”），已知这两个样方存在不同的臭氧水平。在那里，采用了完全随机设计以确保样方内的重复，并选择欧洲荚蒾植株。测量结果证实了不同的暴露水平（Margone，超过40 ppb小时阈值的累积臭氧浓度（AOT40）：31952 ppb小时；Lasino，AOT40：23259 ppb小时）。臭氧可见叶部症状（i）与已知症状相符，（ii）易于识别，（iii）经显微镜验证，并且（iv）在两个样方中均有观察到。然而，在臭氧暴露最高的样方（Margone）中，症状出现的频率更高、发病日期更早且发展更快，尽管并不总是与臭氧暴露差异成比例。这可能部分归因于环境变量的内在协变（在相对湿度较高和气温较低的地点出现了较高的臭氧暴露，这组条件可能促进臭氧吸收），部分归因于一组（未测量的）其他因素，这些因素可能对植物造成额外的氧化应激。文中讨论了对生物监测的影响。
