Wiskur Brandt, Greenwood-Van Meerveld Beverley
VA Medical Center, Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2010 Dec;12(6):507-12. doi: 10.1007/s11894-010-0139-7.
Constipation is a common problem in the elderly, and abnormalities in the neural innervation of the colon play a significant role in abnormalities in colonic motility leading to delayed colonic transit. The scope of this review encompasses the latest advances to enhance our understanding of the aging colon with emphasis on enteric neurodegeneration, considered a likely cause for the development of constipation in the aging gut in animal models. Neural innervation of the colon and the effects of aging on intrinsic and extrinsic nerves innervating the colonic smooth muscle is discussed. Evidence supporting the concept that neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, not only affect the brain but also cause neurodegeneration within the enteric nervous system leading to colonic dysmotility is presented. Further research is needed to investigate the influence of aging on the gastrointestinal tract and to develop novel approaches to therapy directed at protecting the enteric nervous system from neurodegeneration.
便秘是老年人常见的问题，结肠神经支配异常在导致结肠传输延迟的结肠动力异常中起重要作用。本综述的范围包括最新进展，以增强我们对衰老结肠的理解，重点是肠神经变性，这被认为是动物模型中衰老肠道便秘发生的可能原因。讨论了结肠的神经支配以及衰老对支配结肠平滑肌的内在和外在神经的影响。提出了支持以下观点的证据：神经系统疾病，如帕金森病，不仅影响大脑，还会导致肠神经系统内的神经变性，从而导致结肠动力障碍。需要进一步研究以调查衰老对胃肠道的影响，并开发针对保护肠神经系统免受神经变性影响的新型治疗方法。
