Pegklidou Kyriaki, Nicolaou Ioannis, Demopoulos Vassilis J
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2010 Nov;6(6):400-9. doi: 10.2174/157339910793499083.
Diabetes mellitus is an increasing world health problem; particularly the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has assumed epidemic dimensions in Western industrialized societies. It is mainly the environmental, dietary and lifestyle behavioral factors that are the control keys in the progress of this disease. Several epidemiological studies have linked over nutrition and lack of physical activity with type 2 diabetes. Indeed, the excessive consumption of energy dense foods as source of carbohydrates and fats along with ineffective medical management has negative impact on controlling blood glucose levels and on insulin response. This usually leads to a hyperglycemic state, which is associated with the development of the devastating secondary complications. Dietary guidelines have always been important for people with diabetes mellitus. Nutrition management aims to improve health quality maintaining blood glucose levels in normal range so as to reduce the risk for diabetes complications. A well-balanced diet that provides the essential macro- and micro-nutrients is always an impaired need for a patient with diabetes. In this article nutrition recommendations will be displayed for the management of diabetes type 2 and the prevention of its complications. Particular emphasis will be given to the important role of micronutrients such as trace elements and vitamins as well as to the potentiality of some dietary agents to inhibit aldose reductase enzyme, implicated in the etiology of diabetes complications.
糖尿病是一个日益严重的全球性健康问题；尤其是2型糖尿病的患病率在西方工业化社会已呈流行态势。在这种疾病的发展过程中，环境、饮食和生活方式行为因素是主要的控制关键。多项流行病学研究已将营养过剩和缺乏体育活动与2型糖尿病联系起来。事实上，过度食用富含碳水化合物和脂肪的高能量食物，再加上无效的医疗管理，会对控制血糖水平和胰岛素反应产生负面影响。这通常会导致高血糖状态，而高血糖状态与严重的继发性并发症的发生有关。饮食指南对糖尿病患者一直都很重要。营养管理旨在改善健康状况，将血糖水平维持在正常范围内，从而降低糖尿病并发症的风险。对于糖尿病患者来说，提供必需的常量和微量营养素的均衡饮食始终是一项迫切需求。本文将展示2型糖尿病管理及预防其并发症的营养建议。将特别强调微量元素和维生素等微量营养素的重要作用，以及一些膳食成分抑制醛糖还原酶的潜力，醛糖还原酶与糖尿病并发症的病因有关。
