Panter K E, Keeler R F
United States Department of Agriculture, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, Utah.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 1993 Mar;9(1):33-40. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30669-1.
Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana genera have been identified as causes of birth defects in livestock induced by poisonous plants. Many defects now known to be related to poisonous plant ingestion were once thought to have a genetic origin. This supposition delayed diagnosis, reporting, and understanding of such birth defects, because breeders and producers feared the news would make it difficult to sell breeding stock. Defects caused by quinolizidine and piperidine teratogens include cleft palate and contracture-type skeletal defects such as arthrogryposis, scoliosis, torticollis, and kyphosis. Teratogens have been identified, differences in susceptibility to teratogenic compounds among livestock species have been elucidated, periods of gestation when specific types of birth defects occur have been determined, and information about mechanism of action has been developed.
羽扇豆属、毒参属和烟草属中的喹诺里西啶和哌啶生物碱致畸剂已被确认为有毒植物引起家畜出生缺陷的原因。现在已知许多与摄入有毒植物有关的缺陷曾被认为有遗传起源。这种推测延误了对此类出生缺陷的诊断、报告和了解，因为育种者和生产者担心这一消息会使种畜难以销售。喹诺里西啶和哌啶致畸剂引起的缺陷包括腭裂和挛缩型骨骼缺陷，如关节弯曲、脊柱侧凸、斜颈和脊柱后凸。已经确定了致畸剂，阐明了家畜物种对致畸化合物易感性的差异，确定了特定类型出生缺陷出现的妊娠期，并掌握了有关作用机制的信息。
