Caplan L J, Schooler C
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Exp Aging Res. 1990 Autumn;16(3):151-4. doi: 10.1080/07340669008251543.
Young and middle-aged adults learned a microcomputer drawing package either with or without an analogical model of the package. Following training, problem-solving flexibility was assessed. Although no age differences were obtained following no-model training, middle-aged subjects performed worse than young subjects following model-based training. These results support the hypothesis that model-based training encourages elaboration and abstraction processes, and that older adults are less likely or less able to engage in such processing.
年轻和中年成年人学习了一个微型计算机绘图软件包，学习过程中有的有该软件包的类比模型，有的则没有。训练后，对解决问题的灵活性进行了评估。尽管在无模型训练后未发现年龄差异，但在基于模型的训练后，中年受试者的表现比年轻受试者差。这些结果支持了以下假设：基于模型的训练促进了精细化和抽象化过程，而老年人参与此类过程的可能性较小或能力较差。
