Paxton Jessica L, Barch Deanna M, Storandt Martha, Braver Todd S
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63139, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2006 Sep;21(3):499-509. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.499.
Age-related cognitive differences may be due, in part, to difficulties using task-relevant context in a proactive manner. Two studies evaluated different methods for increasing older adults' use of context in the AX-Continuous Performance Task (H. E. Rosvold, A. F. Mirsky, I. Sarason, E. D. Bransome, & L. H. Beck, 1956), which evaluates components of context processing. The results suggest that (a) age differences in the use of context are not due to reduced access to cue information, (b) directed strategy training made older adults' context processing performance more like that of young adults, and (c) similar performance changes could be observed with less directed instruction and extended practice. These results suggest that age-related differences in context processing can be ameliorated by directed strategy training or extended practice.
与年龄相关的认知差异可能部分归因于难以主动运用与任务相关的背景信息。两项研究评估了在AX连续操作任务（H. E. 罗斯沃尔德、A. F. 米尔施基、I. 萨拉森、E. D. 布兰索姆和L. H. 贝克，1956年）中增加老年人对背景信息运用的不同方法，该任务评估背景信息处理的各个组成部分。结果表明：（a）背景信息运用方面的年龄差异并非由于线索信息获取减少；（b）定向策略训练使老年人的背景信息处理表现更接近年轻人；（c）通过较少的定向指导和延长练习也能观察到类似的表现变化。这些结果表明，通过定向策略训练或延长练习可以改善与年龄相关的背景信息处理差异。
